《Linux运维总结：Centos7.6二进制安装Mysql8.0.30》

一、安装Mysql服务

1.1、下载二进制安装包

官方：二进制安装包下载

[root@localhost ~]# cd /data/pkgs
[root@localhost pkgs]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@localhost pkgs]# tar axf mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@localhost pkgs]# mv mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

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1.2、创建MySQL用户和用户组

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -g mysql -s sbin/nologin mysql

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1.3、创建MySQL目录并授权

#创建MySQL数据目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/pkgs/mysql/data
[root@localhost ~]# chown mysql:mysql /data/pkgs/mysql/data -R

#创建MySQL日志目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/pkgs/mysql/logs
[root@localhost ~]# chown mysql:mysql /data/pkgs/mysql/logs -R 

#家目录授权
[root@localhost ~]# chown mysql:mysql /data/pkgs/mysql -R

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1.4、配置MySQL环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# echo 'MYSQL_HOME=/data/pkgs/mysql' >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin' >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH' >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

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1.5、创建my.cnf配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir=/data/pkgs/mysql
datadir=/data/pkgs/mysql/data
log-error=/data/pkgs/mysql/logs/mysql.log
socket=/data/pkgs/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/pkgs/mysql/mysqld.pid
port=53000

[client]
socket=/data/pkgs/mysql/mysql.sock

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1.6、初始化Mysql数据库

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --initialize

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1.7、配置systemctl mysqld服务

#编辑mysqld.service文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/data/pkgs/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE=65535

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1.8、启动Mysql服务

#启动mysql服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

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二、登录MySQL

说明：在MySQL初始化(initialize)完成后会自动为MySQL的root用户生成一个随机初始化密码，记录在MySQL的log-error日志文件中

[root@localhost ~]# grep password /data/pkgs/mysql/logs/mysql.log

如下图所示：

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三、修改root用户临时密码

mysql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'Lolaage@sdjw2022';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Lolaage@sdjw2022';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

如下图所示：

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四、配置数据库用户登录权限

说明：查看user表中用户远程登录授权，host字段是localhost，说明用户只能本地登录

mysql> update mysql.user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

如下图所示：

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更多详细内容请参考：《Linux运维篇：Linux系统运维指南》