saltstack使用指南：saltstack组件之Grains

saltstack组件

1. grains
2. pillar
3. state 

一、grains组件

Grains是saltstack组件中非常重要的组件之一，它用来记录minion的系统信息（操作系统、域名、IP地址、内核信息、操作系统类型、内存信息以及其他更多的系统信息）。

Grain收集的信息是静态的，在minion第一次启动时采集数据（除非下次重起，否则数据不会变化）。

1.首先我们需要查询grains相关命令：
[root@salt-master ~]# salt 'izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z' sys.list_functions grains
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
  - grains.append
    - grains.delval
    - grains.filter_by
    - grains.get
    - grains.get_or_set_hash
    - grains.has_value
    - grains.item
    - grains.items
    - grains.ls
    - grains.remove
    - grains.setval
    - grains.setvals

2.关于这些命令的用法我们可以查看帮助：
[root@salt-master ~]# salt 'izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z' sys.doc grains.items
'grains.items:'

Return all of the minion's grains

CLI Example:

    salt '*' grains.items

Sanitized CLI Example:

    salt '*' grains.items sanitize=True

3.查看所有minion上的grains项：
[root@salt-master python]# salt '*' grains.ls
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    - SSDs
    - biosreleasedate
    - biosversion
    - cpu_flags
    - cpu_model
    - cpuarch
    - domain
    - fqdn
    - fqdn_ip4
    - fqdn_ip6
    - gpus
    - host
    - hwaddr_interfaces
    - id
    - init
    - ip4_interfaces
    - ip6_interfaces
    - ip_interfaces
    - ipv4
    - ipv6
    - kernel
    - kernelrelease
    - locale_info
    - localhost
    - lsb_distrib_id
    - machine_id
    - manufacturer
    - master
    - mdadm
    - mem_total
    - nodename
    - num_cpus
    - num_gpus
    - os
    - os_family
    - osarch
    - oscodename
    - osfinger
    - osfullname
    - osmajorrelease
    - osrelease
    - osrelease_info
    - path
    - productname
    - ps
    - pythonexecutable
    - pythonpath
    - pythonversion
    - saltpath
    - saltversion
    - saltversioninfo
    - selinux
    - serialnumber
    - server_id
    - shell
    - systemd
    - virtual
    - zmqversion

4.查看minion上某一具体的grains值：
[root@salt-master python]# salt '*' grains.item shell
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    shell:
        /bin/sh
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    shell:
        /bin/sh

[root@salt-master python]# salt '*' grains.item ipv4
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    ipv4:
        - 127.0.0.1
        - 172.18.205.187
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    ipv4:
        - 127.0.0.1
        - 172.16.102.26

5.设置grains数据

[root@salt-master python]# salt '*' sys.doc grains.setvals
'grains.setvals:'

Set new grains values in the grains config file

:param Destructive: If an operation results in a key being removed, delete the key, too. Defaults to False.

CLI Example:

    salt '*' grains.setvals "{'key1': 'val1', 'key2': 'val2'}"


[root@salt-master python]# salt '*' sys.doc grains.setval
'grains.setval:'

Set a grains value in the grains config file

:param Destructive: If an operation results in a key being removed, delete the key, too. Defaults to False.

CLI Example:

    salt '*' grains.setval key val
    salt '*' grains.setval key "{'sub-key': 'val', 'sub-key2': 'val2'}"

a、命令行方式设置grains数据：

单个值设置：      
[root@salt-master python]# salt '*' grains.setval name zhangjunchao
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    name:
        zhangjunchao
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    name:
        zhangjunchao


多个值设置：
[root@salt-master python]# salt '*' grains.setvals  "{'name1': 'zhangjunchao', 'name2': 'zhangyike'}"
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    name1:
        zhangjunchao
    name2:
        zhangyike
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    name1:
        zhangjunchao
    name2:
        zhangyike


列表结构设置：
[root@salt-master python]# salt '*' grains.setval name "{'name1': 'zhangjunchao', 'name2': 'zhangyike'}"
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    name:
        ----------
        name1:
            zhangjunchao
        name2:
            zhangyike
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    name:
        ----------
        name1:
            zhangjunchao
        name2:
            zhangyike

查看对应minion的/etc/salt/grains可以发现已经写入的grains数据：
[root@salt-master python]# salt '*' cmd.run 'cat /etc/salt/grains'
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    name: zhangjunchao
    name1: zhangjunchao
    name2: zhangyike
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    name: zhangjunchao
    name1: zhangjunchao
    name2: zhangyike

b、grains_modules方式设置

写入一个简单的模块
[root@salt-master _grains]# vi mod.py
import time
def now():
  grains={}
  grains['now']=time.time()
  return grains

同步模块到所有的minion
[root@salt-master _grains]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_all
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    beacons:
    grains:
        - grains.mod
    modules:
    output:
    renderers:
    returners:
    sdb:
    states:
    utils:
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    beacons:
    grains:
        - grains.mod
    modules:
    output:
    renderers:
    returners:
    sdb:
    states:
    utils:

重载一次模块
[root@salt-master _grains]# salt '*' sys.reload_modules
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    True
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    True

查看新设置的grains
[root@salt-master _grains]# salt '*' grains.item now
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    now:
        1526877401.09
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    now:
        1526877401.11


c、minion端设置grains数据

通过修改配置文件，同样可以设置grains的数据，分别在所有的minion端创建grain.conf文件
[root@salt-slave-node1 minion.d]# cat /etc/salt/minion.d/grain.conf
grains:
  name: zhangjunchao
  age:
    - 11
    - 12
    - 13

重启salt-minion加载配置文件，查看grains：
[root@salt-slave-node1 minion.d]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service

[root@salt-master _grains]# salt '*' grains.item  name
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    name:
        zhangjunchao
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    name:
        zhangjunchao

[root@salt-master _grains]# salt '*' grains.item  age
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    age:
        - 11
        - 12
        - 13
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    age:
        - 11
        - 12
        - 13

6、删除自定义的grains数据    
通过grains.setval命令行设置的grains数据，可以通过grains.delval来删除  

通过grains.setval命令行设置grains数据
[root@salt-master _grains]# salt '*' grains.setval myname zhangqianqun
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    myname:
        zhangqianqun
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    myname:
        zhangqianqun

查询grains数据
[root@salt-master _grains]# salt '*' grains.item myname
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    myname:
        zhangqianqun
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    myname:
        zhangqianqun

删除grains数据
[root@salt-master _grains]# salt '*' grains.delval myname
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    None
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    None

查询是否删除
[root@salt-master _grains]# salt '*' grains.item myname
izwz9f8xrvty50quc2gq50z:
    ----------
    myname:
        None
iZbp150ikdomqe3b32qaubZ:
    ----------
    myname:
        None

注：通过一系列的操作演示，我们可以不难发现grains.delval的用法。其他方式删除grains数据的方式是与添加过程相反的操作。