源码：AbstractPlatformTransactionManager
1.PROPAGATION_NEVER
该特性规定了以非事物方式执行，如果当前存在事物，则抛出异常。
// 1.PROPAGATION_NEVER --> 以非事物方式执行，如果当前存在事物，则抛出异常。
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NEVER) {
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'never'");
}
2.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED
该特性规定了以非事物方式执行，如果当前存在事物，则挂起当前事物。
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
if (debugEnabled) { logger.debug("Suspending current transaction");}
// 重点:挂起已有事物
Object suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
// 创建新事物,注意:transaction参数为null,所以这里创建的不是一个真正的事物
return prepareTransactionStatus(
definition,
null,
false,
newSynchronization,
debugEnabled,
suspendedResources);
}
这里又涉及到一个概念，事务挂起（这个前面没有介绍，因为前面都是单个事物）。下面分析一下事物挂起的流程：
protected final SuspendedResourcesHolder suspend(@Nullable Object transaction) throws TransactionException {
// 1.如果存在事物同步回调接口
if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) {
// 1.1 挂起事务同步回调接口
List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations = doSuspendSynchronization();
try {
// 挂起事物
Object suspendedResources = null;
if (transaction != null) {
suspendedResources = doSuspend(transaction);
}
// 获取已有事物名称
String name = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionName();
// 清空已有事物名称
TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(null);
// 获取已有事物的readOnly属性值
boolean readOnly = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly();
// 将已有事物的readOnly属性值设置为false
TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(false);
// 获取已有事物数据库事物隔离级别
Integer isolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
// 清空已有事物数据库事物隔离级别
TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(null);
// 获取已有事物激活标识
boolean wasActive = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive();
// 将当前事物激活标识设置为false
TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(false);
// 返回SuspendedResourcesHolder
/**
* 将上面获取到的一系列事物属性,重新封装至SuspendedResourcesHolder对象,并返回
*/
return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(suspendedResources, suspendedSynchronizations, name, readOnly, isolationLevel, wasActive);
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
// doSuspend failed - original transaction is still active...
doResumeSynchronization(suspendedSynchronizations);
throw ex;
}
}
// 不存在事物同步回调接口,且当前事物不为空
else if (transaction != null) {
// Transaction active but no synchronization active.
// 事物已经被激活,但是没有事物同步回调,则直接挂起当前事物即可
Object suspendedResources = doSuspend(transaction);
// 返回挂起的事物资源
return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(suspendedResources);
}
// 处理没有事物的情况...
else {
// Neither transaction nor synchronization active.
return null;
}
}
首先来看事物同步回调接口，该接口会在prepareSynchronization方法中设置，即使我们没有自定义事物同步回调接口，Spring默认也会为当前事物创建一个空的事物同步回调接口。关于该接口的使用，可以参考上一节中的例子。（注意：事物同步回调接口是与当前线程绑定的）。下面看事物同步接口是如何挂起的：
private List<TransactionSynchronization> doSuspendSynchronization() {
// 1.获取当前线程的所有事物同步回调
List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getSynchronizations();
// 2.循环并挂起所有同步回调接口
for (TransactionSynchronization synchronization : suspendedSynchronizations) {
synchronization.suspend();
}
// 3.清除资源
TransactionSynchronizationManager.clearSynchronization();
return suspendedSynchronizations;
}
其次来看挂起事物的流程，注释里已经写了很清楚了，最后会将已有的事物属性封装到SuspendedResourcesHolder对象中，该类就持有了被挂起事物的属性。接下来调用prepareTransactionStatus方法并将suspendedResources入参，这样一来，新创建的事物就持有了被挂起事物的的属性，就会形成一个事物链。而且新创建的事物transaction参数为null，所以PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED特性是不会真正开启事物的。
return prepareTransactionStatus(
definition,
null,
false,
newSynchronization,
debugEnabled,
suspendedResources);
3.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) {
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Suspending current transaction, creating new transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
}
// 挂起已有事物
SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
try {
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
// 创建事物
DefaultTransactionStatus status = new TransactionStatus(
definition,
transaction,
true,
newSynchronization,
debugEnabled,
suspendedResources);
// 开启事物
doBegin(transaction, definition);
// 初始化事物同步属性
prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
return status;
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error beginEx) {
resumeAfterBeginException(transaction, suspendedResources, beginEx);
throw beginEx;
}
}
该特性下会挂起已有事物并新建一个事物。
5.PROPAGATION_NESTED
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
// 如果不允许嵌套事物,则抛出异常
if (!isNestedTransactionAllowed()) {
throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException("Transaction manager does not allow nested transactions by default - " +
"specify 'nestedTransactionAllowed' property with value 'true'");
}
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Creating nested transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
}
/**
* 下面对JtaTransactionManager和AbstractPlatformTransactionManager分别进行处理
*/
// useSavepointForNestedTransaction(),是否为嵌套事务使用保存点
// 1.对于JtaTransactionManager-->返回false
// 2.对于AbstractPlatformTransactionManager-->返回true
if (useSavepointForNestedTransaction()) {
// Create savepoint within existing Spring-managed transaction,
// through the SavepointManager API implemented by TransactionStatus.
// Usually uses JDBC 3.0 savepoints. Never activates Spring synchronization.
// 创建保存点在现有spring管理事务,通过TransactionStatus SavepointManager API实现。
// 通常使用JDBC 3.0保存点。永远不要激活Spring同步。
DefaultTransactionStatus status = prepareTransactionStatus(definition,transaction,
false,
false,
debugEnabled,
null);
// 创建保存点
status.createAndHoldSavepoint();
return status;
}
else {
// Nested transaction through nested begin and commit/rollback calls.
// Usually only for JTA: Spring synchronization might get activated here
// in case of a pre-existing JTA transaction.
// 通过嵌套的开始,提交调用,及回滚调用进行嵌套事务。
// 只对JTA有效,如果已经存在JTA事务，这里可能会激活Spring同步。
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
definition,
transaction,
true,
newSynchronization,
debugEnabled,
null);
doBegin(transaction, definition);
prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
return status;
}
}
这里对AbstractPlatformTransactionManager和JtaTransactionManager分别做了不同的处理，重点看前者。AbstractPlatformTransactionManager是允许使用保存点的。接下来看保存点的创建过程：
// 创建保存点
public void createAndHoldSavepoint() throws TransactionException {
setSavepoint(getSavepointManager().createSavepoint());
}
// 获取SavepointManager
protected SavepointManager getSavepointManager() {
Object transaction = this.transaction;
if (!(transaction instanceof SavepointManager)) {
throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
"Transaction object [" + this.transaction + "] does not support savepoints");
}
// SavepointManager就是当前事物
return (SavepointManager) transaction;
}
// 创建保存点
public Object createSavepoint() throws TransactionException {
// 获取ConnectionHolder
ConnectionHolder conHolder = getConnectionHolderForSavepoint();
try {
// 如果当前连接不支持保存点,抛出异常
if (!conHolder.supportsSavepoints()) {
throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
"Cannot create a nested transaction because savepoints are not supported by your JDBC driver");
}
// 如果当前连接的RollbackOnly已经被标记为true,抛出异常
if (conHolder.isRollbackOnly()) {
throw new CannotCreateTransactionException(
"Cannot create savepoint for transaction which is already marked as rollback-only");
}
// 创建保存点
return conHolder.createSavepoint();
}
catch (SQLException ex) {
throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not create JDBC savepoint", ex);
}
}
总体来讲创建保存点的过程比较简单，最终会调用数据库驱动的底层方法去创建保存点，感兴趣的可以自己跟踪查看。创建完保存点之后将结果设置到TransactionStatus对象中。
该特性下会将新事物在原有事物内，以嵌套的方式运行，该特性也不会开启一个新的事物
5. PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS和PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
假如事物传播特性是PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS或PROPAGATION_REQUIRED的话，将会进行如下处理：
if (isValidateExistingTransaction()) {
// 验证事物隔离级别
// 如果当前事物的隔离级别不为默认隔离级别,则比较当前事物隔离级别与已有事物隔离级别,
// 如不同,则抛出事物隔离级别不兼容异常
if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT) {
Integer currentIsolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
if (currentIsolationLevel == null || currentIsolationLevel != definition.getIsolationLevel()) {
Constants isoConstants = DefaultTransactionDefinition.constants;
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
definition + "] specifies isolation level which is incompatible with existing transaction: " +
(currentIsolationLevel != null ?
isoConstants.toCode(currentIsolationLevel, DefaultTransactionDefinition.PREFIX_ISOLATION) :
"(unknown)"));
}
}
// 验证事物只读属性
// 如果当前事物可写,但是已有的事物是只读,则抛出异常
if (!definition.isReadOnly()) {
if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()) {
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
definition + "] is not marked as read-only but existing transaction is");
}
}
}
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
isValidateExistingTransaction()该函数的作用是指定新事物参与已有事物时，新旧两个事物的验证级别。该属性值默认为false，宽松范围的验证，也就是不验证。如果将该属性值改为true的话，那么将会验证新旧两个事物的数据库事物隔离级别、事物只读属性是否相同。对于PROPAGATION_MANDATORY，从Spring的注释上没有看到对改属性的处理，但是该属性也会走这个分支，即使用已有事物，由于到这里肯定是已经存在事物的，该特性在这里不会抛出异常。
该特性也不会开启一个新的事物，而是继续在原有事物中运行或者以非事物方式运行
作者：闲来也无事
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/9bf01d92b29c
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