观察者模式

观察者模式：定义了对象之间一对多依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态时，它所有依赖者都收到通知并自动更新。

案例：一个WeatherData类可以接受即时温度、湿度等信息，三种不同布告板分别接收信息显示不同内容（以后可能要添加布告板）。解决方案是WeatherData作为主题，布告板作为观察者，接收即时消息。依赖关系很弱，基本只调用其他类的方法，或者不在构造函数调用其他类对象，实现

public interface Subject {
    public void registerObserver(Observer o);
    public void removerObserver(Observer o);
    public void notifyObservers();
}

public interface Observer {
    public void update(float temp);
}

public interface DisplayElement {
    public void display();
}

public class WeatherData implements Subject {
    private ArrayList observers;//在WeatherData声明了Observer的对象->依赖
    private float temp;
    private float newTemp;
    private boolean changed;

    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Observer o){
        observers.add(o);
    }
    public void removerObserver(Observer o){
        int i = observers.indexOf(o);
        if (i >= 0) observers.remove(o);
    }
    public void notifyObservers() {
        if (changed){
            for (int i = 0;i < observers.size();i++){
                Observer observer = (Observer) observers.get(i);//在WeatherData调用了Observer对象的方法->依赖
                observer.update(temp);
            }

	    changed = false;

	}
    }

    public void setChanged(){
        if (newTemp - temp >= 0.5)//温度变化大于0.5再更新，否则一直更新，很乱
            changed = true;
    }
}

public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer,DisplayElement{
    private float temp;
    private Subject weatherData;//创建了Subject对象->依赖
    public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData){
        this.weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData.registerObserver(this);
    }
    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.print(temp);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float temp) {
        this.temp = temp;
        display();
    }
}

这个大概是书里的代码，没有直接用java.util.Observer等。如果用java内置的模式（不是只靠主题推消息，观察者可以自己拉消息）：

public class CurrentConditionsDisplayJavaUtil implements Observer {
    private float temp;
    Observable observable;
    public CurrentConditionsDisplayJavaUtil(Observable obs){
        this.observable = obs;
        obs.addObserver(this);
    }
    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        if (o instanceof WeatherDataJavaUtil){
            WeatherDataJavaUtil weatherDataJavaUtil = (WeatherDataJavaUtil) o;
            this.temp = weatherDataJavaUtil.getTemp();
            display();
        }
    }
    public void display(){};
}

public class WeatherDataJavaUtil extends Observable {
    private float temp;
    public WeatherDataJavaUtil(){};
    public void measurementsChanged(){
        setChanged();
        notifyObservers();
    }
    public float getTemp() {
        return temp;
    }
}