工厂模式

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工厂模式：工厂方法模式：定义一个创建对象的接口（本例中是PizzaStore），但由子类决定要实例化的是哪个类。工厂方法让类把实例化推给子类（总之实例化不推给实体类，实现了实体类解耦）。

此例是pizza店订单系统。客户输入所要pizza种类，参数传进PizzaStore子类中，子类创建Pizza子类（比如NYCheesePizza）对象。

public class Pizza {
    String name;
    void prepare(){
        System.out.print("Preparing" + name);
    }
}

public class ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza extends Pizza {
    public void ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza(){
        name = "ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza";
    }
}

public class NYStyleCheesePizza extends Pizza {
    public NYStyleCheesePizza(){
        name = "NYStyleCheesePizza";
    }
}

public class NYStyleVeggiePizza extends Pizza{
    public NYStyleVeggiePizza(){
        name = "NYStyleVeggiePizza";
    }
}

public abstract class PizzaStore {//里面定义了抽象的工厂方法，靠子类实现
    public Pizza orderPizza(String style){
        Pizza pizza = createPizza(style);
        pizza.prepare();
        return pizza;
    }
    public abstract Pizza createPizza(String style);
}

public class NYPizzaStore extends PizzaStore{//实现工厂方法
    @Override
    public Pizza createPizza(String style) {
        Pizza pizza;
        switch (style){
            case "chesse": {
                pizza = new NYStyleCheesePizza();
                break;
            }
            case "veggie":{
                pizza = new NYStyleVeggiePizza();
                break;
            }
            default:pizza = null;//不加此句，会报pizza没有实例化的错
        }
        return pizza;
    }
}

抽象工厂模式：提供一个接口，用于创建相关或依赖对象的家族，而不需要明确指定具体类。

public interface AbstractFactoryPizza {
    public IngredientThinCrustDough createIngredientThinCrustDough();
}

public class ThinCrustDoughFactory implements AbstractFactoryPizza {
    @Override
    public IngredientThinCrustDough createIngredientThinCrustDough() {
        return new IngredientThinCrustDough();
    }
}

public class PizzaIngredient {
    public String name;
}

public class IngredientThinCrustDough extends PizzaIngredient{
    public void IngredientThinCrustDough(){
        name = "IngredientThinCrustDough";
    }
}

public abstract class Pizza {
    String name;
    abstract void prepare();
}