用了将近两天时间中与把Kafka官方demo跑起来了！记录一下下踩坑过程。
1、安装
kafka是跑在zookeeper上的，需要依次安装 JDK、zookeeper和Kafka，并配置环境变量。这里参考教程：在Windows安装运行Kafka基本没问题。
2、git clone官方源码
https://github.com/edenhill/librdkafka
3、cmake生成工程Rdkafka.sln到librdkafka-build文件夹中
在VS中打开工程如下：
经过以上步骤得到目录如下：
【注】vcpkg是官方提供的librdkafka库安装方式，类似于Linux上通过get-apt install的方式进行安装，可以不下载。
4、生成依赖库
在Debug或Relese下生成ALL_BULID得到rdkafka.dll和rdkafka++.dll（注意Debug和Relese下生成的dll同名，不要混用）
5、配置Demo链接库
这我们可以看到有一个rdkafka_example_cpp的项目，就是官方的Demo，我们直接运行项目肯定是不行的！因为运行需要依赖库，所以我们要把之前生成的两个rdkafka.dll和rdkafka++.dll拷贝到exe运行目录。这样我们就能够运行rdkafka_example_cpp项目了，下面着重讲一下怎么运行这个代码！
6、运行Demo
6.1 前提
- 确保dll是Debug下生成的，这样才可以查看调试信息
- 开启zookeeper Server：cmd中运行：zkserver
- 开启kafka Server：在kafka安装目录打开PowerShell，运行：
.\bin\windows\kafka-server-start.bat .\config\server.properties。 - 创建一个Topic用例：保持zookeeper和kafka服务器开启，在kafka安装目录另打开PowerShell，创建一个名为test的Topic，partition为1分区，代码如下：
.\bin\windows\kafka-topics.bat --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test
- 创建一个生产者(Producer)和消费者(Consumer): 一般格式为：./kafka-console-producer.bat --broker-list [ip]:[port] --topic [name]
例如在Topic名为test主题下创建本地IP、端口为9092的生产者和消费者代码如下：
//创建生产者
.\bin\windows\kafka-console-producer.bat --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic test
//创建消费者
.\bin\windows\kafka-console-consumer.bat --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic test --from-beginning
【注】这里网上查看Kafka的数据流存放方式，一般来说一个集群有很多Topic,一个Topic有还有很多partition分区，每一个分区又有很多section段，一个段可以看成一个数组，数据传递就是在section中进行的
通过以上的操作可以通过DOS窗口在Producer中写入字符，在Consumer中读取字符了。
6.2 下面我们就可以在Demo中解读一下源码：
在main函数中
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
std::string brokers = "localhost"; //127.0.0.1:2181 9092
std::string errstr;
std::string topic_str; // "wgm-kafka"
std::string mode;
std::string debug;
int32_t partition = RdKafka::Topic::PARTITION_UA;
int64_t start_offset = RdKafka::Topic::OFFSET_BEGINNING;
bool do_conf_dump = false;
int opt;
MyHashPartitionerCb hash_partitioner;
int use_ccb = 0;
/*
* Create configuration objects
*/
RdKafka::Conf *conf = RdKafka::Conf::create(RdKafka::Conf::CONF_GLOBAL);
RdKafka::Conf *tconf = RdKafka::Conf::create(RdKafka::Conf::CONF_TOPIC);
while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "PCLt:p:b:z:qd:o:eX:AM:f:")) != -1) {
switch (opt) {
case 'P':
case 'C':
case 'L':
mode = opt;
break;
case 't':
topic_str = optarg;
break;
case 'p':
if (!strcmp(optarg, "random"))
/* default */;
else if (!strcmp(optarg, "hash")) {
if (tconf->set("partitioner_cb", &hash_partitioner, errstr) !=RdKafka::Conf::CONF_OK)
{
std::cerr << errstr << std::endl;
exit(1);
}
} else
partition = std::atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'b':
brokers = optarg;
break;
case 'z':
if (conf->set("compression.codec", optarg, errstr) !=RdKafka::Conf::CONF_OK)
{
std::cerr << errstr << std::endl;
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'o':
if (!strcmp(optarg, "end"))
start_offset = RdKafka::Topic::OFFSET_END;
else if (!strcmp(optarg, "beginning"))
start_offset = RdKafka::Topic::OFFSET_BEGINNING;
else if (!strcmp(optarg, "stored"))
start_offset = RdKafka::Topic::OFFSET_STORED;
else
start_offset = strtoll(optarg, NULL, 10);
break;
case 'e':
exit_eof = true;
break;
case 'd':
debug = optarg;
break;
case 'M':
if (conf->set("statistics.interval.ms", optarg, errstr) !=RdKafka::Conf::CONF_OK)
{
std::cerr << errstr << std::endl;
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'X': {
char *name, *val;
if (!strcmp(optarg, "dump"))
{
do_conf_dump = true;
continue;
}
name = optarg;
if (!(val = strchr(name, '='))) {
std::cerr << "%% Expected -X property=value, not " << name << std::endl;
exit(1);
}
*val = '\0';
val++;
/* Try "topic." prefixed properties on topic
* conf first, and then fall through to global if
* it didnt match a topic configuration property. */
RdKafka::Conf::ConfResult res;
if (!strncmp(name, "topic.", strlen("topic.")))
res = tconf->set(name + strlen("topic."), val, errstr);
else
res = conf->set(name, val, errstr);
if (res != RdKafka::Conf::CONF_OK) {
std::cerr << errstr << std::endl;
exit(1);
}
} break;
case 'f':
if (!strcmp(optarg, "ccb"))
use_ccb = 1;
else {
std::cerr << "Unknown option: " << optarg << std::endl;
exit(1);
}
break;
default:
goto usage;
}
}
if (mode.empty() || (topic_str.empty() && mode != "L") || optind != argc) {
usage:
std::string features;
conf->get("builtin.features", features);
fprintf(stderr,
"Usage: %s [-C|-P] -t <topic> "
"[-p <partition>] [-b <host1:port1,host2:port2,..>]\n"
"\n"
"librdkafka version %s (0x%08x, builtin.features \"%s\")\n"
"\n"
" Options:\n"
" -C | -P Consumer or Producer mode\n"
" -L Metadata list mode\n"
" -t <topic> Topic to fetch / produce\n"
" -p <num> Partition (random partitioner)\n"
" -p <func> Use partitioner:\n"
" random (default), hash\n"
" -b <brokers> Broker address (localhost:9092)\n"
" -z <codec> Enable compression:\n"
" none|gzip|snappy|lz4|zstd\n"
" -o <offset> Start offset (consumer)\n"
" -e Exit consumer when last message\n"
" in partition has been received.\n"
" -d [facs..] Enable debugging contexts:\n"
" %s\n"
" -M <intervalms> Enable statistics\n"
" -X <prop=name> Set arbitrary librdkafka "
"configuration property\n"
" Properties prefixed with \"topic.\" "
"will be set on topic object.\n"
" Use '-X list' to see the full list\n"
" of supported properties.\n"
" -f <flag> Set option:\n"
" ccb - use consume_callback\n"
"\n"
" In Consumer mode:\n"
" writes fetched messages to stdout\n"
" In Producer mode:\n"
" reads messages from stdin and sends to broker\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"\n",
argv[0], RdKafka::version_str().c_str(), RdKafka::version(),
features.c_str(), RdKafka::get_debug_contexts().c_str());
exit(1);
}
这一段代码其实就是进行命令行解析。因为正常来说我们一般通过命令行去运行这个程序，这其中：
- argc表示命令行参数个数
- argv表示参数字符串，一般argv[0]表示可支持哪个程序名称***.exe
要搞懂这段代码就需要弄清楚这个函数： int getopt(int nargc, char *const *nargv, const char *options)
它是通过单个字符解按照固定格式来解析字符串的，有三种写法：
- 单个字符：表示选项（Option）
- 单个字符后接一个冒号：表示该选项后必须跟一个参数。参数紧跟在选项后或者以空格隔开。
- 单个字符后跟两个冒号：表示该选项后可以跟一个参数，也可以不跟。如果跟一个参数，参数必须紧跟在选项后不能以空格隔开。该参数的指针赋给optarg。
例如getopt(argc, argv, “ab:c🇩🇪:”);
在命令行中可以指定可选项：-a、-b、-c、-d、-e
-b和-c后面需接一个参数，如 -b 123、-d wgm等
-e后面可跟参数同-b、-c，也可以不跟参数-e就等于NULL了。
对于本项目Demo，我可以给出如下命令行参数：
./rdkafka_example.exe -P -b 127.0.0.1:9092 -t test
表示在Topic为test、broker为127.0.0.1:9092上创建一个mode为Producer的生产者。
接着看源码：
/*
* Set configuration properties
*/
conf->set("metadata.broker.list", brokers, errstr);
if (!debug.empty()) {
if (conf->set("debug", debug, errstr) != RdKafka::Conf::CONF_OK) {
std::cerr << errstr << std::endl;
exit(1);
}
}
ExampleEventCb ex_event_cb;
conf->set("event_cb", &ex_event_cb, errstr);
if (do_conf_dump) {
int pass;
for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
std::list<std::string> *dump;
if (pass == 0) {
dump = conf->dump();
std::cout << "# Global config" << std::endl;
} else {
dump = tconf->dump();
std::cout << "# Topic config" << std::endl;
}
for (std::list<std::string>::iterator it = dump->begin();it != dump->end();) {
std::cout << *it << " = ";
it++;
std::cout << *it << std::endl;
it++;
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
exit(0);
}
signal(SIGINT, sigterm);
signal(SIGTERM, sigterm);
因为在上一段代码中创建了conf，所以这段代码主要是通过conf->set()等API设置配置属性。
if (mode == "P") {
/*
* Producer mode
*/
if (topic_str.empty())
goto usage;
ExampleDeliveryReportCb ex_dr_cb;
/* Set delivery report callback */
conf->set("dr_cb", &ex_dr_cb, errstr);
conf->set("default_topic_conf", tconf, errstr);
/*
* Create producer using accumulated global configuration.
*/
RdKafka::Producer *producer = RdKafka::Producer::create(conf, errstr);
if (!producer) {
std::cerr << "Failed to create producer: " << errstr << std::endl;
exit(1);
}
std::cout << "% Created producer " << producer->name() << std::endl;
/*
* Read messages from stdin and produce to broker.
*/
for (std::string line; run && std::getline(std::cin, line);) {
if (line.empty()) {
producer->poll(0);
continue;
}
RdKafka::Headers *headers = RdKafka::Headers::create();
headers->add("my header", "header value");
headers->add("other header", "yes");
/*
* Produce message
*/
RdKafka::ErrorCode resp =
producer->produce(topic_str, partition,
RdKafka::Producer::RK_MSG_COPY /* Copy payload */,
/* Value */
const_cast<char *>(line.c_str()), line.size(),
/* Key */
NULL, 0,
/* Timestamp (defaults to now) */
0,
/* Message headers, if any */
headers,
/* Per-message opaque value passed to
* delivery report */
NULL);
if (resp != RdKafka::ERR_NO_ERROR) {
std::cerr << "% Produce failed: " << RdKafka::err2str(resp)<< std::endl;
delete headers; /* Headers are automatically deleted on produce()
* success. */
} else {
std::cerr << "% Produced message (" << line.size() << " bytes)"<< std::endl;
}
producer->poll(0);
}
run = 1;
while (run && producer->outq_len() > 0) {
std::cerr << "Waiting for " << producer->outq_len() << std::endl;
producer->poll(1000);
}
delete producer;
这一段代码就是当我使用 -P的方式时，通过RdKafka::Producer::create()创建一个Producer，line就是我们在DOS中通过**getline()**读取的。
贴出测试结果
在…/example/Debug目录下，启动PowerShell，运行如下命令行：
./rdkafka_example_cpp.exe -P -b 127.0.0.1:9092 -t wgm-kafka
因为我之前创建过wgm-kafka的Topic，所以我在这个Topic下创建Producer可以通过consumer读取到。
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