在 Oracle 12c 之前，如果误删一张表，常规的方法是 Flashback 闪回或 TSPITR。如果需要恢复的表空间过大，TSPITR 会耗时非常久；而开启 flashback 会消耗磁盘空间
在 12C 中oracle提供一个新功能，即RECOVER TABLE 命令；它可以针对于表及表分区按时间点进行恢复。 表可以被恢复至辅助库中，并且可以有下面的选择：
1.使用 REMAP 选项将表恢复至一个新表或者分区中。
2.只生成一个需要被恢复表的 expdp 格式的 dump 文件，选择后期再进行恢复。
恢复前需要满足以下条件：
1目标数据库必须被置于读写模式。
2目标数据库必须被置于归档模式。
3如果要恢复表或者分区，你必须拥有这些表或者分区存在后的时间的备份。
4想要恢复单个表分区， COMPATIBLE 初始化参数所在的目标库必须设置为 11.1.0 或以上。
5请确保辅助库的所在目录有足够的磁盘空间来放置system, sysaux, undo及其恢复这个表需要的其它表空间。
请注意辅助库的所在目录里的文件会在表被恢复后自动删除
可以按下面3种方式恢复：
1 SCN 2Time 3归档序列号
由于 ROOT container SYSTEM 和 UNDO 表空间被恢复至辅助库，所以 RECOVER TABLE 需要在连接到 ROOT CDB 后运行。
下面提供一个按时间点恢复的例子：
一、全库备份
RMAN> backup database;
二、删除表
在pdb上新建一张表，并插入数据。之后将表drop掉。
三、恢复单表
注意：连接rman必须以sys用户连接，而不能以 / 代替，否则会报错权限不足；并且需要连接到ROOT CDB后运行：
rman target sys/oracle@ORCL
执行下面sql后就会自动恢复单表了：
（说明1：恢复可插拔数据库pdb1 下面的用户：xyz 下面的表：haha，恢复成功后新的表名为：test_xyz）
（说明2：请确保有一个在scn 2205985之前拍摄的备份，否则会报错rman-06024）
（说明3：如果实验时选择删除cdb某个用户下的表，在下面recover table语句中，需要将用户名和表名加上引号；本例中是恢复pdb中的表，不需要加引号）
RMAN> recover table xyz.haha of pluggable database pdb1 until scn 2205985 AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/u01/recover' REMAP TABLE xyz.haha:test_xyz;
Starting recover at 17-MAY-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-05026: warning: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified point-in-time
List of tablespaces expected to have UNDO segments
Tablespace SYSTEM
Tablespace PDB1:SYSTEM
Tablespace UNDOTBS1
Tablespace PDB1:UNDOTBS1
Creating automatic instance, with SID='dDix'
initialization parameters used for automatic instance:
db_name=ORCL
db_unique_name=dDix_pitr_wybpdb1_ORCL
compatible=12.2.0
db_block_size=8192
db_files=200
diagnostic_dest=/u01/app/oracle
_system_trig_enabled=FALSE
sga_target=1408M
processes=200
db_create_file_dest=/u01/recover
log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/recover'
enable_pluggable_database=true
_clone_one_pdb_recovery=true
#No auxiliary parameter file used
starting up automatic instance ORCL
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1476395008 bytes
Fixed Size 8792920 bytes
Variable Size 385877160 bytes
Database Buffers 1073741824 bytes
Redo Buffers 7983104 bytes
Automatic instance created
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until scn 2205985;
# restore the controlfile
restore clone controlfile;
# mount the controlfile
sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';
# archive current online log
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 17-MAY-19
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=35 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-1520108916-20190517-00
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-1520108916-20190517-00 tag=TAG20190517T162610
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
output file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_gfwyny0r_.ctl
Finished restore at 17-MAY-19
sql statement: alter database mount clone database
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until scn 2205985;
# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles
set newname for clone datafile 1 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 9 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 4 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 11 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 3 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 10 to new;
set newname for clone tempfile 1 to new;
set newname for clone tempfile 3 to new;
# switch all tempfiles
switch clone tempfile all;
# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set
restore clone datafile 1, 9, 4, 11, 3, 10;
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file
renamed tempfile 3 to /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file
Starting restore at 17-MAY-19
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0fu1pic7_1_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0fu1pic7_1_1 tag=TAG20190517T161918
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:04
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00011 to /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00010 to /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0hu1pijd_1_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0hu1pijd_1_1 tag=TAG20190517T161918
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
Finished restore at 17-MAY-19
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_gfwyodkp_.dbf
datafile 9 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_system_gfwys9nb_.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfwyodoo_.dbf
datafile 11 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=13 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfwys9ol_.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=14 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gfwyodob_.dbf
datafile 10 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=15 STAMP=1008522849 file name=/u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gfwys9ln_.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until scn 2205985;
# online the datafiles restored or switched
sql clone "alter database datafile 1 online";
sql clone 'WYBPDB1' "alter database datafile
9 online";
sql clone "alter database datafile 4 online";
sql clone 'WYBPDB1' "alter database datafile
11 online";
sql clone "alter database datafile 3 online";
sql clone 'WYBPDB1' "alter database datafile
10 online";
# recover and open database read only
recover clone database tablespace "SYSTEM", "WYBPDB1":"SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "WYBPDB1":"UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX", "WYBPDB1":"SYSAUX";
sql clone 'alter database open read only';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
sql statement: alter database datafile 1 online
sql statement: alter database datafile 9 online
sql statement: alter database datafile 4 online
sql statement: alter database datafile 11 online
sql statement: alter database datafile 3 online
sql statement: alter database datafile 10 online
Starting recover at 17-MAY-19
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch/1_17_992328185.dbf
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch/1_17_992328185.dbf thread=1 sequence=17
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished recover at 17-MAY-19
sql statement: alter database open read only
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter pluggable database WYBPDB1 open read only';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter pluggable database WYBPDB1 open read only
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "create spfile from memory";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
sql clone "alter system set control_files =
''/u01/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_gfwyny0r_.ctl'' comment=
''RMAN set'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
# mount database
sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: create spfile from memory
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1476395008 bytes
Fixed Size 8792920 bytes
Variable Size 385877160 bytes
Database Buffers 1073741824 bytes
Redo Buffers 7983104 bytes
sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/u01/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_gfwyny0r_.ctl'' comment= ''RMAN set'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1476395008 bytes
Fixed Size 8792920 bytes
Variable Size 385877160 bytes
Database Buffers 1073741824 bytes
Redo Buffers 7983104 bytes
sql statement: alter database mount clone database
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until scn 2205985;
# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles
set newname for datafile 12 to new;
# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set
restore clone datafile 12;
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 17-MAY-19
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=35 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00012 to /u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_users_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0hu1pijd_1_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/0hu1pijd_1_1 tag=TAG20190517T161918
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished restore at 17-MAY-19
datafile 12 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=17 STAMP=1008523004 file name=/u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_users_gfwyzn6s_.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until scn 2205985;
# online the datafiles restored or switched
sql clone 'WYBPDB1' "alter database datafile
12 online";
# recover and open resetlogs
recover clone database tablespace "WYBPDB1":"USERS", "SYSTEM", "WYBPDB1":"SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "WYBPDB1":"UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX", "WYBPDB1":"SYSAUX" delete archivelog;
alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
sql statement: alter database datafile 12 online
Starting recover at 17-MAY-19
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch/1_17_992328185.dbf
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch/1_17_992328185.dbf thread=1 sequence=17
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 17-MAY-19
database opened
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter pluggable database WYBPDB1 open';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter pluggable database WYBPDB1 open
contents of Memory Script:
{
# create directory for datapump import
sql 'WYBPDB1' "create or replace directory
TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''
/u01/recover''";
# create directory for datapump export
sql clone 'WYBPDB1' "create or replace directory
TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''
/u01/recover''";
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/u01/recover''
sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/u01/recover''
Performing export of tables...
EXPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_dDix_Eoqj":
EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
EXPDP> . . exported "XYZ"."HAHA" 5.078 KB 3 rows
EXPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_dDix_Eoqj" successfully loaded/unloaded
EXPDP> ******************************************************************************
EXPDP> Dump file set for SYS.TSPITR_EXP_dDix_Eoqj is:
EXPDP> /u01/recover/tspitr_dDix_71707.dmp
EXPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_dDix_Eoqj" successfully completed at Fri May 17 17:20:23 2019 elapsed 0 00:00:59
Export completed
contents of Memory Script:
{
# shutdown clone before import
shutdown clone abort
}
executing Memory Script
Oracle instance shut down
Performing import of tables...
IMPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_dDix_swoa" successfully loaded/unloaded
IMPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_dDix_swoa":
IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
IMPDP> . . imported "XYZ"."TEST_XYZ" 5.078 KB 3 rows
IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
IMPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_dDix_swoa" successfully completed at Fri May 17 17:23:00 2019 elapsed 0 00:01:37
Import completed
Removing automatic instance
Automatic instance removed
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_temp_gfwywprk_.tmp deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_gfwyvw34_.tmp deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_gfwz16z7_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_gfwz06h3_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_gfwz06h0_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/DDIX_PITR_WYBPDB1_ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_users_gfwyzn6s_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gfwys9ln_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gfwyodob_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfwys9ol_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_gfwyodoo_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/7ABD0C12921F11E2E0533238A8C01F5F/datafile/o1_mf_system_gfwys9nb_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_gfwyodkp_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_gfwyny0r_.ctl deleted
auxiliary instance file tspitr_dDix_71707.dmp deleted
Finished recover at 17-MAY-19
至此单表恢复成功。
========请注意：如果你不想对这个表做import，只想做export，那么可以使用notableimport选项
参考下面sql：
run {RECOVER TABLE SMEDS."RECTEST" OF PLUGGABLE DATABASE T12CPDB1
UNTIL SEQUENCE 64 thread 1
AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/u01/abc/rectbl'
datapump destination '/u01/abc/rectb/dpump/'
dump file 'export.dmp'
notableimport; }
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