python 使用smtp协议结合pyqt5实现qq邮件发送

前言

为了更好的学习smtp协议，利用python的smtplib，pyqt5模块开发了一个自动登录qq邮箱可以向所有qq发送文本及文件邮件的程序。

SMTP协议简介

SMTP 的全称是“Simple Mail Transfer Protocol”，即简单邮件传输协议。它是一组用于从源地址到目的地址传输邮件的规范，通过它来控制邮件的中转方式。SMTP 协议属于 TCP/IP 协议簇，它帮助每台计算机在发送或中转信件时找到下一个目的地。SMTP 服务器就是遵循 SMTP 协议的发送邮件服务器。

环境准备

1.首先要在qq邮箱开启smtp服务，点击设置-》账户如下图

然后验证密保,获取授权码，smtp登录的密码会使用到授权码。

主要代码实现

smtp登录qq,发送邮件

主要使用smtplib模块实现登录qq邮箱发送邮件，可以发送文本邮件也可以发送文件。

import smtplib
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText


from smtp.Mail import MailConfig

class Smtp:

    def __init__(self):
        self.config=MailConfig();
        self.stmp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.config.host.encode(), self.config.port)
        print("smtp server connect success!")
        self.sender='mocked<'+self.config.user+'>' #qq邮箱发送者须为此格式


    def loginSmtp(self):
        self.stmp.login(self.config.user, self.config.password)
        print("smtp login success!")

    #发送文本信息
    def sendMessage(self,msg,title,receiver):
        message = MIMEText(msg, 'plain', 'utf-8')  # 发送的内容
        message['From'] = self.sender
        message['To'] = 'test@qq.com'
        subject = title  # 邮件主题
        message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')  # 邮件标题
        try:
            self.stmp.sendmail(self.sender, receiver, message.as_string())
        except Exception as e:
            print('邮件发送失败--' + str(e))
        print('邮件发送成功')

    #发送文本及文件
    def sendMsgAndFile(self,msg,title,filePath,fileName,receiver):
        # 创建一个带附件的实例
        message = MIMEMultipart()
        message['From'] = self.sender
        message['To'] = Header("测试", 'utf-8')
        subject = title
        message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

        # 邮件正文内容
        message.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'plain', 'utf-8'))

        # 构造附件1，传送当前目录下的 test.txt 文件
        att1 = MIMEText(open(filePath, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
        att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
        # 这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字
        att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename='+fileName
        message.attach(att1)
        try:
            self.stmp.sendmail(self.sender, receiver, message.as_string())
            print("邮件发送成功")
        except smtplib.SMTPException:
            print("Error: 无法发送邮件")

pyqt5实现图形界面

import os
import sys

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFileDialog, QMessageBox


BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, BASE_DIR)

from smtp.SmtpUtil import Smtp
from utils import StringUtils

class Ui_MainWindow(object):


    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(583, 481)
        icon = QtGui.QIcon()
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("../res/smtpIcon.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        MainWindow.setWindowIcon(icon)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.verticalLayout_6 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.verticalLayout_6.setObjectName("verticalLayout_6")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.label)
        self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit)
        self.verticalLayout_6.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout)
        self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2")
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.label_2)
        self.lineEdit_2 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.lineEdit_2.setObjectName("lineEdit_2")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.lineEdit_2)
        self.verticalLayout_6.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_2)
        self.verticalLayout_4 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout_4.setObjectName("verticalLayout_4")
        self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
        self.verticalLayout_4.addWidget(self.label_3)
        self.verticalLayout_6.addLayout(self.verticalLayout_4)
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        self.plainTextEdit = QtWidgets.QPlainTextEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.plainTextEdit.setObjectName("plainTextEdit")
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.plainTextEdit)
        self.verticalLayout_6.addLayout(self.verticalLayout)
        self.horizontalLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_3.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_3")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton)
        self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_2.setAutoRepeat(False)
        self.pushButton_2.setAutoRepeatDelay(200)
        self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton_2)
        self.verticalLayout_5 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout_5.setObjectName("verticalLayout_5")
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addLayout(self.verticalLayout_5)
        self.horizontalLayout_4 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_4.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_4")
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_4)
        self.verticalLayout_6.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_3)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 583, 18))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

        #点击动作事件触发
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.addFile)
        self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(self.send)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "smtp邮件发送"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "收件人地址："))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "邮件主题："))
        self.label_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "内容："))
        self.plainTextEdit.setPlainText(_translate("MainWindow", "..."))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "添加文件"))
        self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "确认发送"))
        self.fileName = ''

    def send(self):

        receiver=self.lineEdit.text()
        title=self.lineEdit_2.text()
        content=self.plainTextEdit.toPlainText()
        print(receiver+""+title+" "+content)
        if StringUtils.isNull(receiver) or StringUtils.isNull(title):
            QMessageBox.information(self.MainWindow, '警告', '邮件接收者和邮件主题不能为空!',
                                    QMessageBox.Ok | QMessageBox.Close,
                                    QMessageBox.Close)
        smtp = Smtp()
        smtp.loginSmtp()
        if StringUtils.isNull(self.fileName):
            smtp.sendMessage(content,title,receiver)
        else:
            smtp.sendMsgAndFile(content,title,self.filePath,self.fileName,receiver)

    def addFile(self):
        file=QFileDialog.getOpenFileName()
        self.filePath=file[0]
        self.fileName=os.path.basename(self.filePath)
        self.plainTextEdit.appendPlainText("附件:"+self.filePath)
        print(self.filePath)
        print(self.fileName)



if __name__=='__main__':
    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    widget = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(widget)
    widget.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

功能效果展示

程序界面：

填写收件人邮箱地址及相应信息点击确认发送即可发送邮件

成功发送文本邮件：

邮箱收到文本及附件：

源码下载：python 使用smtp协议实现qq邮件发送