Consecutive Numbers Sum

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Given a positive integer N, how many ways can we write it as a sum of consecutive positive integers?

Example 1:

Input: 5
Output: 2
Explanation: 5 = 5 = 2 + 3

Example 2:

Input: 9
Output: 3
Explanation: 9 = 9 = 4 + 5 = 2 + 3 + 4

Example 3:

Input: 15
Output: 4
Explanation: 15 = 15 = 8 + 7 = 4 + 5 + 6 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5

Note: 1 <= N <= 10 ^ 9.

题目理解：

将一个数字分解成一段连续自然数的和

解题思路：

连续自然数的和其实就是一个公差为1的等差数列的和，设这个数列是x,x+1,x+2,...,x+n，那么这个数列的和是(n+1)*x+n*(n+1)/2，这个数列的长度是n+1，第一个数字是x，然后就可以从数字长度为1开始逐渐尝试，看N能否分解成为长度为n的等差数列的和，如果可以，那么一定可以求得整数解x使得x=(N-n*(n+1))/(n+1)

代码如下：

class Solution {
    public int consecutiveNumbersSum(int N) {
    	int res = 0;
    	int n = 0;
    	while(true) {
    		int top = N - (n * n + n) / 2;
    		if(top <= 0)
    			break;
    		if(top % (n + 1) == 0) {
    			res++;
    			//System.out.println(n);
    		}
    		n++;
    	}
    	return res;
    }
}