Qt5开发学习之主窗体（六）

Qt5主窗体构成

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 QMainWindow是一个为用户提供主窗体程序的类，包含一个菜单栏（menu bar）、多个工具栏（tool bar）、多个锚接部件（dock widget）、以及一个中心部件（central widget）。是许多引用程序的基础，如文本编辑器和图片编辑器。  

菜单栏

Qt的菜单就是由一系列的QAction对象构成的列表，而菜单栏则是包容菜单的面板，它位于主窗口顶部标题栏的下面，一个主窗口最多只有一个菜单栏。

状态栏

状态栏通常用于显示 GUI程序的状态信息，位于主窗体的最底部，用户可在状态栏上添加、使用Qt窗口部件，一个主窗口最多只有一个状态栏。

工具栏

状态栏是由一系列类似于按钮的动作排列而成的面板，它通常由一些经常使用的动作组成。位于菜单栏的下面一个主窗口可以包含多个工具栏。

锚接部件

锚接部件作为一个容器使用，以包容其它窗口部件来实现某些功能。它位于工具栏内部，可以作为一个窗口自由的浮动在主窗口上面。

中心部件

位于主窗口的中心，锚接部件区的内部。

实例编写

完成一个文本编辑器的实例，针对QMainWindow创建流程和各种功能进行开发。
要完成的功能有：文件的操作功能、标准打印对话框的使用、画图实现图像打印、使用QMatrix实现图像的各种变换功能、最后是排版功能。
新建工程ImageProcessor，基类选择QMainWindow。imageprocessor.h文件用于创建工具栏、各种动作、创建菜单：

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QToolBar>
#include <QTextCharFormat>
#include <QApplication>
#include <QImage>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QMenuBar>
#include <QDialog>
#include <QFileDialog>
#include <QFile>
#include <QTextStream>
#include <QPainter>

// Qt5将打印的这两个类归入到printsupport中，需要在pro文件中写入 QT += printsupport
#include <QPrinter>
#include <QPrintDialog>

#include "showwidget.h"

class ImageProcessor : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    ImageProcessor(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~ImageProcessor();

    void createMenu(); // 创建菜单项
    void createAction(); // 创建各种动作
    void createToolBars(); // 创建工具栏

    void loadFile(QString filename); // 加载文件
    void mergeTextFormat(QTextCharFormat);

private:
    // 各种菜单栏
    QMenu *fileMenu;
    QMenu *zoomMenu;
    QMenu *rotateMenu;
    QMenu *mirrorMenu;

    QImage img;
    QString fileName;
    ShowWidget *showWidget;

    // 文件菜单项动作
    QAction *openFileAction;
    QAction *newFileAction;
    QAction *printImgAction;
    QAction *printTextAction;
    QAction *exitAction;

    // 编辑菜单项动作
    QAction *copyAction;
    QAction *cutAction;
    QAction *pasteAction;
    QAction *aboutAction;
    QAction *zoomInAction;
    QAction *zoomOutAction;

    // 旋转菜单项动作
    QAction *rotate90Action;
    QAction *rotate180Action;
    QAction *rotate270Action;

    // 镜像菜单项动作
    QAction *mirrorVerticalAction;
    QAction *mirrorHorizontalAction;

    QAction *undoAction;
    QAction *redoAction;

    // 工具栏
    QToolBar *fileTool;
    QToolBar *zoomTool;
    QToolBar *rotateTool;
    QToolBar *mirrorTool;
    QToolBar *doTool;

private slots:
    // 打开窗口函数
    void ShowOpenFile();

    // 新建窗口函数
    void ShowNewFile();

    // 打印文本动作
    void ShowPrintText();

    // 打印图像动作
    void ShowPrintImage();

    // 图片放大
    void ShowZoomIn();

    // 图片缩小
    void ShowZoomOut();

    // 图片旋转
    void ShowRotate90();
    void ShowRotate180();
    void ShowRotate270();

    // 图片镜像
    void ShowMirrorVertical();
    void ShowMirrorHorizontal();
};

imageprocessor.cpp：

#include "imageprocessor.h"

ImageProcessor::ImageProcessor(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
{
    setWindowTitle(tr("MainWindow"));

    // 设置showWidget为主窗体的中心部件
    showWidget = new ShowWidget(this);
    setCentralWidget(showWidget);

    createAction();
    createMenu();
    createToolBars();

    if (img.load("image.jpg"))
    {
        showWidget->imgLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img.scaled(600, 600)));
    }
}



ImageProcessor::~ImageProcessor()
{

}

// 实现各种动作，通过菜单栏和工具栏提现出来
void ImageProcessor::createMenu()
{
    // 调用QMainWindow的menuBar()函数即可得到主窗口的菜单指针，
    // 在调用菜单条的addMenu()函数，即可完成在菜单中插入一个新菜单
    fileMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("file"));
    fileMenu->addAction(openFileAction);
    fileMenu->addAction(newFileAction);
    fileMenu->addAction(printImgAction);
    fileMenu->addAction(printTextAction);
    // 在各种功能中间加横线分隔
    fileMenu->addSeparator();
    fileMenu->addAction(exitAction);

    zoomMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("zoom"));
    zoomMenu->addAction(copyAction);
    zoomMenu->addAction(cutAction);
    zoomMenu->addAction(pasteAction);
    zoomMenu->addAction(aboutAction);
    zoomMenu->addSeparator();
    zoomMenu->addAction(zoomInAction);
    zoomMenu->addAction(zoomOutAction);

    rotateMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("rotate"));
    rotateMenu->addAction(rotate90Action);
    rotateMenu->addAction(rotate180Action);
    rotateMenu->addAction(rotate270Action);

    mirrorMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("mirror"));
    mirrorMenu->addAction(mirrorVerticalAction);
    mirrorMenu->addAction(mirrorHorizontalAction    );
}

// 各种“动作”的实现
void ImageProcessor::createAction()
{
    // 文件操作的实现

    openFileAction = new QAction(tr("open"), this);
    openFileAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+O")); // 快捷键设置
    openFileAction->setStatusTip("Open file"); // 鼠标放上时给出的提示
    connect(openFileAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowOpenFile);

    newFileAction = new QAction(tr("new"), this);
    newFileAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+N"));
    newFileAction->setStatusTip("New file");
    connect(newFileAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowNewFile);

    exitAction = new QAction(tr("exit"), this);
    exitAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+Q"));
    exitAction->setStatusTip("Exit");
    connect(exitAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::close);

    copyAction = new QAction(tr("copy"), this);
    copyAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+C"));
    copyAction->setStatusTip("Copy");
    connect(copyAction, &QAction::triggered, showWidget->text, &QTextEdit::copy);

    cutAction = new QAction(tr("cut"), this);
    cutAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+X"));
    cutAction->setStatusTip("Cut");
    connect(cutAction, &QAction::triggered, showWidget->text, &QTextEdit::cut);

    pasteAction = new QAction(tr("paste"), this);
    pasteAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+V"));
    pasteAction->setStatusTip("Paste");
    connect(pasteAction, &QAction::triggered, showWidget->text, &QTextEdit::paste);

    aboutAction = new QAction(tr("about"), this);
    connect(aboutAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &QApplication::aboutQt);

    printImgAction = new QAction(tr("printImg"), this);
    printImgAction->setStatusTip("print image");
    connect(printImgAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowPrintImage);

    printTextAction = new QAction(tr("printText"), this);
    printTextAction->setStatusTip("print text");
    connect(printTextAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowPrintText);

    zoomInAction = new QAction(tr("zoomIn"), this);
    zoomInAction->setStatusTip("zoom in");
    connect(zoomInAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowZoomIn);

    zoomOutAction = new QAction(tr("zoomOut"), this);
    zoomOutAction->setStatusTip("zoom out");
    connect(zoomOutAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowZoomOut);

    rotate90Action = new QAction(tr("rotate90"), this);
    rotate90Action->setStatusTip("rotat90");
    connect(rotate90Action, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowRotate90);

    rotate180Action = new QAction(tr("rotate180"), this);
    rotate180Action->setStatusTip("rotat180");
    connect(rotate180Action, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowRotate180);

    rotate270Action = new QAction(tr("rotate270"), this);
    rotate270Action->setStatusTip("rotat270");
    connect(rotate270Action, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowRotate270);

    mirrorVerticalAction = new QAction(tr("mirrorVertical"), this);
    mirrorVerticalAction->setStatusTip("mirrorVertical");
    connect(mirrorVerticalAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowMirrorVertical);

    mirrorHorizontalAction = new QAction(tr("mirrorHorizontal"), this);
    mirrorHorizontalAction->setStatusTip("mirrorHorizontal");
    connect(mirrorHorizontalAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &ImageProcessor::ShowMirrorHorizontal);

    undoAction = new QAction(tr("undo"), this);
    undoAction->setStatusTip("undo");
    connect(undoAction, &QAction::triggered, showWidget->text, &QTextEdit::undo);

    redoAction = new QAction(tr("redo"), this);
    redoAction->setStatusTip("redo");
    connect(redoAction, &QAction::triggered, showWidget->text, &QTextEdit::redo);

}

// 一个菜单对应一个工具条
void ImageProcessor::createToolBars()
{
    // 调用QMainWindow的addToolBar()函数获得窗口的工具条对象
    fileTool = addToolBar(tr("File"));
    fileTool->addAction(openFileAction);
    fileTool->addAction(newFileAction);
    fileTool->addAction(printImgAction);
    fileTool->addAction(printTextAction);
    fileTool->addAction(exitAction);

    zoomTool = addToolBar(tr("zoom"));
    zoomTool->addAction(copyAction);
    zoomTool->addAction(cutAction);
    zoomTool->addAction(pasteAction);
    zoomTool->addSeparator();
    zoomTool->addAction(zoomInAction);
    zoomTool->addAction(zoomOutAction);

    rotateTool = addToolBar(tr("rotate"));
    rotateTool->addAction(rotate90Action);
    rotateTool->addAction(rotate180Action);
    rotateTool->addAction(rotate270Action);

    mirrorTool = addToolBar(tr("mirror"));
    mirrorTool->addAction(mirrorVerticalAction);
    mirrorTool->addAction(mirrorHorizontalAction);

    doTool = addToolBar(tr("do"));
    doTool->addAction(undoAction);
    doTool->addAction(redoAction);

    // 工具条默认是一个可移动的窗口，停靠的区域由QToolBar的allowAreas决定
    fileTool->setAllowedAreas(Qt::TopToolBarArea | Qt::LeftToolBarArea);

    // 使用setMovable()函数设定可移动性
    fileTool->setMovable(false);


}

void ImageProcessor::loadFile(QString filename)
{
    // 利用QFile和QTextStream完成读取文件操作
    QFile file(filename);
    if (file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly | QIODevice::Text))
    {
        QTextStream textStream(&file);
        while (!textStream.atEnd())
        {
            showWidget->text->append(textStream.readLine());
        }
    }

}

void ImageProcessor::ShowOpenFile()
{
    fileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this);

    if (!fileName.isEmpty())
    {
        if (showWidget->text->document()->isEmpty())
        {
            loadFile(fileName);
        }
        else
        {
            ImageProcessor *newImgProcessor = new ImageProcessor;
            newImgProcessor->show();
            newImgProcessor->loadFile(fileName);
        }
    }
}

void ImageProcessor::ShowNewFile()
{
    ImageProcessor *newImgProcessor = new ImageProcessor;
    newImgProcessor->show();

}

void ImageProcessor::ShowPrintText()
{
    // Qt的QPrintDialog提供了标准打印对话框
    // 新建一个QPrinter对象
    QPrinter printer;
    // 新建一个QPrintDialog对象，参数为QPrinter对象
    QPrintDialog printDialog(&printer, this);

    // 判断用户是否点击了“打印”按钮
    if (printDialog.exec())
    {
        // 获取QTextEdit对象的文档
        QTextDocument *doc = showWidget->text->document();
        doc->print(&printer);
    }
}

void ImageProcessor::ShowPrintImage()
{
    QPrinter printer;
    QPrintDialog printDialog(&printer, this);

    if (printDialog.exec())
    {
        // 创建一个QPainter对象，指定绘图设备为printer
        QPainter painter(&printer);
        // 获得QPainter对象的视口矩形区域
        QRect rect = painter.viewport();
        // 获得图像大小
        QSize size = img.size();
        // 按照图片的大小重新设置对象矩形区域
        size.scale(rect.size(), Qt::KeepAspectRatio);
        painter.setViewport(rect.x(), rect.y(), size.width(), size.height());

        painter.setWindow(img.rect());
        painter.drawImage(0, 0, img);

    }
}

void ImageProcessor::ShowZoomIn()
{
    if (img.isNull())
        return;

    // 声明一个Matrix对象
    QMatrix matrix;
    // 按照两倍的比例对水平和垂直方向进行放大
    matrix.scale(2, 2);
    // 将当前显示的图形按照该坐标矩阵进行转换
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    // 重新设置图形
    showWidget->imgLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
}

void ImageProcessor::ShowZoomOut()
{
    if (img.isNull())
        return;

    // 声明一个Matrix对象
    QMatrix matrix;
    // 按照两倍的比例对水平和垂直方向进行放大
    matrix.scale(0.5    , 0.5);
    // 将当前显示的图形按照该坐标矩阵进行转换
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    // 重新设置图形
    showWidget->imgLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
}

void ImageProcessor::ShowRotate90()
{
    if (img.isNull())
        return;

    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.rotate(90);
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imgLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img.scaled(600, 600)));
}
void ImageProcessor::ShowRotate180()
{
    if (img.isNull())
        return;

    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.rotate(180);
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imgLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img.scaled(600, 600)));
}
void ImageProcessor::ShowRotate270()
{
    if (img.isNull())
        return;

    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.rotate(270);
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imgLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img.scaled(600, 600)));
}

void ImageProcessor::ShowMirrorVertical()
{
    if (img.isNull())
        return;

    img.mirrored(false, true);
    showWidget->imgLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img.scaled(600, 600)));
}

void ImageProcessor::ShowMirrorHorizontal()
{
    if (img.isNull())
        return;

    img.mirrored(true, false);
    showWidget->imgLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img.scaled(600, 600)));
}