简介:springboot是spring快速启动的脚手架,通过自动装配减少spring、及spring与其他功能整合中涉及到的大量配置,为程序人员的开发提供了较大的便利,能够通过较为简单导包的方式和少量配置,引入其他功能,本文主要介绍springboot自动配置的原理。
springboot怎么启动,通过运行带有注解@SpringBootApplication类中的main(),注解@SpringBootApplication是一个组合注解,有@Configuration、@EnableAutoConfiguration、@ComponentScan注解组成
@Configuration 表示配置类,会解析类中带有@Bean的方法,将返回的类生成Bean保存在容器中
@ComponentScan 扫描指定包下,带有注解@Component(@Service、@Controller、@Repository)的类,生成Bean托管在容器中
@EnableAutoConfiguration 开启自动装配的注解
从注解@EnableAutoConfiguration入手,查看自动装配的过程
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {...}
注解@Import的作用,判断value值的类型,如果实现了ImportSelector接口,就会将类中selectImports()返回的集合中所有的权限名注入到容器中,所以我们来看这个类中selectImports()方法的实现
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
} else {
AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
//加载需要类的权限定名信息
AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(autoConfigurationMetadata, annotationMetadata);
return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
}
}
//具体加载的方法
protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata, AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return EMPTY_ENTRY;
} else {
AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
//获取候选的类全限定名
List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
//去掉重复项
configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
//获取排除项
Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
//检查排除项
this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
//去掉排除项
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
//过滤掉不符合条件的类,例如@ConditionalOnXXX的注解条件不满足
configurations = this.filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
}
//加载的过程
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryClassName, Collections.emptyList());
}
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> result = (MultiValueMap)cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
} else {
try {
//加载路径,所有依赖包下 路径中META-INF/spring.factories的信息
Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
LinkedMultiValueMap result = new LinkedMultiValueMap();
while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
Iterator var6 = properties.entrySet().iterator();
while(var6.hasNext()) {
Entry<?, ?> entry = (Entry)var6.next();
String factoryClassName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
String[] var9 = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String)entry.getValue());
int var10 = var9.length;
for(int var11 = 0; var11 < var10; ++var11) {
String factoryName = var9[var11];
result.add(factoryClassName, factoryName.trim());
}
}
}
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
} catch (IOException var13) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var13);
}
}
}
spring boot 自动装配原理的总结
- spring boot 启动时会解析带有@Configuration注解的配置类,将类中带有@Bean方法中返回的类或者属性参数注入到IOC容器中
- 如果是第三方依赖的jar包,会利用spring的SPI机制,使用springFactoriesLoader加载器加载约定路径下META-INF/spring.factories配置信息
- 根据SPI加载的信息,调用ImportSelector动态加载