一.Spring Boot Starter简介
Starter是Spring Boot中的一个非常重要的概念,Starter相当于模块,它能将模块所需的依赖整合起来并对模块内的Bean根据环境( 条件)进行自动配置。使用者只需要依赖相应功能的Starter,无需做过多的配置和依赖,Spring Boot就能自动扫描并加载相应的模块。
总结:
1.它整合了这个模块需要的依赖库;
2.提供对模块的配置项给使用者;
3.提供自动配置类对模块内的Bean进行自动装配;
例如,在Maven的依赖中加入spring-boot-starter-web就能使项目支持Spring MVC,并且Spring Boot还为我们做了很多默认配置,无需再依赖spring-web、spring-webmvc等相关包及做相关配置就能够立即使用起来。
二.Starter的开发步骤
编写Starter非常简单,与编写一个普通的Spring Boot应用没有太大区别,总结如下:
1.新建Maven项目,在项目的POM文件中定义使用的依赖;
2.新建配置类,写好配置项和默认的配置值,指明配置项前缀;
3.新建自动装配类,使用@Configuration和@Bean来进行自动装配;
4.新建spring.factories文件,指定Starter的自动装配类;
三.Starter的开发示例
下面,我就以创建一个自动配置websocket
协议的Starter来讲一下各个步骤及细节。
1.新建Maven项目,在项目的POM文件中定义使用的依赖。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.yeauty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-websocket-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.8.0</version>
<name>netty-websocket-spring-boot-starter</name>
<description>
netty-websocket-spring-boot-starter is a Java WebSocket Framework based on Netty
</description>
<url>https://github.com/YeautyYE/netty-websocket-spring-boot-starter</url>
<licenses>
<license>
<name>The Apache Software License, Version 2.0</name>
<url>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt</url>
</license>
</licenses>
<developers>
<developer>
<name>Yeauty</name>
<email>YeautyYE@gmail.com</email>
</developer>
</developers>
<scm>
<connection>scm:git:git://github.com/YeautyYE/netty-websocket-spring-boot-starter.git</connection>
<developerConnection>scm:git:ssh://github.com/YeautyYE/netty-websocket-spring-boot-starter.git
</developerConnection>
<url>https://github.com/YeautyYE/netty-websocket-spring-boot-starter</url>
</scm>
<properties>
<netty.version>4.1.25.Final</netty.version>
<spring-boot.version>2.0.0.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-codec-http</artifactId>
<version>${netty.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-handler</artifactId>
<version>${netty.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>release</id>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- Sources Plugin -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- Javadoc Plugin -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<additionalOptions>
<additionalOption>
-Xdoclint:none
</additionalOption>
</additionalOptions>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- GPG Sign Plugin -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.6</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>verify</phase>
<goals>
<goal>sign</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- Nexus Staging Plugin, auto deploy close and release -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.sonatype.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>nexus-staging-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
<extensions>true</extensions>
<configuration>
<serverId>ossrh</serverId>
<nexusUrl>https://oss.sonatype.org/</nexusUrl>
<autoReleaseAfterClose>true</autoReleaseAfterClose>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<distributionManagement>
<snapshotRepository>
<id>ossrh</id>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
</snapshotRepository>
<repository>
<id>ossrh</id>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2</url>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
</profile>
</profiles>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.新建自动装配类,使用@Configuration
和@Bean
来进行自动装配。
package org.yeauty.autoconfigure;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.yeauty.annotation.EnableWebSocket;
import org.yeauty.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;
@EnableWebSocket
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(ServerEndpointExporter.class)
public class NettyWebSocketAutoConfigure {
}
3.新建spring.factories文件,指定Starter的自动装配类。
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.yeauty.autoconfigure.NettyWebSocketAutoConfigure
spring.factories文件位于resources/META-INF目录下,需要手动创建;
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration
后面的类名说明了自动装配类,如果有多个 ,则用逗号分开;
使用者应用(SpringBoot)在启动的时候,会通过org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader
读取classpath下每个Starter的spring.factories文件,加载自动装配类进行Bean的自动装配;
至此,整个Starter开发完毕,Deploy到中央仓库或Install到本地仓库后即可使用。
具体的参考案例:https://github.com/YeautyYE/netty-websocket-spring-boot-starter