Netty权威指南~第8章——Google Protbuf 编解码

protoc.exe 工 具 主 要 根 据 .prot 。 文 件 生 成 代 码 ， 下 面 我 们 以 商 品 订 购 例 程 为 例 ， 定 义
SubscribeReq.proto 和 SubscribeResp.proto ， 数 据 文 件 定 义 如 下 。
SubscribeReq.proto

syntax = "proto3";
option java_package= "com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf";
option java_outer_classname= "SubscribeReqProto";

message SubcribeReq {
     int32 subReqID = 1;
     string userName = 2;
     string productName = 3;
     repeated string address = 4;
}

SubscribeResp.proto

syntax = "proto3";
option java_package= "com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf";
option java_outer_classname= "SubscribeRespProto";

message SubcribeResp {
    int32 subReqID = 1;
    int32 respCode = 2;
    string desc = 3;
}

通过命令生成对应的实体类：
SubscribeReqProto.java

// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
// source: SubscribeReq.proto

package com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf;

public final class SubscribeReqProto {
  private SubscribeReqProto() {}
  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
  }

  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
    registerAllExtensions(
        (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
  }
  public interface SubscribeReqOrBuilder extends
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:SubscribeReq)
      com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {

    /**
     * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
     */
    boolean hasSubReqID();
    /**
     * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
     */
    int getSubReqID();

    /**
     * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
     */
    boolean hasUserName();
    /**
     * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
     */
    String getUserName();
    /**
     * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getUserNameBytes();

    /**
     * <code>required string productName = 3;</code>
     */
    boolean hasProductName();
    /**
     * <code>required string productName = 3;</code>
     */
    String getProductName();
    /**
     * <code>required string productName = 3;</code>
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getProductNameBytes();

    /**
     * <code>repeated string address = 4;</code>
     */
    java.util.List<String>
        getAddressList();
    /**
     * <code>repeated string address = 4;</code>
     */
    int getAddressCount();
    /**
     * <code>repeated string address = 4;</code>
     */
    String getAddress(int index);
    /**
     * <code>repeated string address = 4;</code>
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getAddressBytes(int index);
  }
  /**
   * Protobuf type {@code SubscribeReq}
   */
  public  static final class SubscribeReq extends
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:SubscribeReq)
      SubscribeReqOrBuilder {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
    // Use SubscribeReq.newBuilder() to construct.
    private SubscribeReq(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
      super(builder);
    }
    private SubscribeReq() {
      userName_ = "";
      productName_ = "";
      address_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
    protected Object newInstance(
        UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
      return new SubscribeReq();
    }

    @Override
    public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
    getUnknownFields() {
      return this.unknownFields;
    }
    private SubscribeReq(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      this();
      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException();
      }
      int mutable_bitField0_ = 0;
      com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
          com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
      try {
        boolean done = false;
        while (!done) {
          int tag = input.readTag();
          switch (tag) {
            case 0:
              done = true;
              break;
            case 8: {
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
              subReqID_ = input.readInt32();
              break;
            }
            case 18: {
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
              userName_ = bs;
              break;
            }
            case 26: {
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
              productName_ = bs;
              break;
            }
            case 34: {
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();
              if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
                address_ = new com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList();
                mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
              }
              address_.add(bs);
              break;
            }
            default: {
              if (!parseUnknownField(
                  input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
                done = true;
              }
              break;
            }
          }
        }
      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
      } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
        throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
            e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
      } finally {
        if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
          address_ = address_.getUnmodifiableView();
        }
        this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
        makeExtensionsImmutable();
      }
    }
    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
        getDescriptor() {
      return SubscribeReqProto.internal_static_SubscribeReq_descriptor;
    }

    @Override
    protected FieldAccessorTable
        internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
      return SubscribeReqProto.internal_static_SubscribeReq_fieldAccessorTable
          .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
              SubscribeReq.class, Builder.class);
    }

    private int bitField0_;
    public static final int SUBREQID_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
    private int subReqID_;
    /**
     * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
     */
    public boolean hasSubReqID() {
      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0);
    }
    /**
     * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
     */
    public int getSubReqID() {
      return subReqID_;
    }

    public static final int USERNAME_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
    private volatile Object userName_;
    /**
     * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
     */
    public boolean hasUserName() {
      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0);
    }
    /**
     * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
     */
    public String getUserName() {
      Object ref = userName_;
      if (ref instanceof String) {
        return (String) ref;
      } else {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
            (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
        if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {
          userName_ = s;
        }
        return s;
      }
    }
    /**
     * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
     */
    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getUserNameBytes() {
      Object ref = userName_;
      if (ref instanceof String) {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString b =
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                (String) ref);
        userName_ = b;
        return b;
      } else {
        return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
      }
    }

    public static final int PRODUCTNAME_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
    private volatile Object productName_;
    /**
     * <code>required string productName = 3;</code>
     */
    public boolean hasProductName() {
      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0);
    }
    /**
     * <code>required string productName = 3;</code>
     */
    public String getProductName() {
      Object ref = productName_;
      if (ref instanceof String) {
        return (String) ref;
      } else {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
            (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
        if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {
          productName_ = s;
        }
        return s;
      }
    }
    /**
     * <code>required string productName = 3;</code>
     */
    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getProductNameBytes() {
      Object ref = productName_;
      if (ref instanceof String) {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString b =
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                (String) ref);
        productName_ = b;
        return b;
      } else {
        return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
      }
    }

    public static final int ADDRESS_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
    private com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList address_;
    /**
     * <code>repeated string address = 4;</code>
     */
    public com.google.protobuf.ProtocolStringList
        getAddressList() {
      return address_;
    }
    /**
     * <code>repeated string address = 4;</code>
     */
    public int getAddressCount() {
      return address_.size();
    }
    /**
     * <code>repeated string address = 4;</code>
     */
    public String getAddress(int index) {
      return address_.get(index);
    }
    /**
     * <code>repeated string address = 4;</code>
     */
    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getAddressBytes(int index) {
      return address_.getByteString(index);
    }

    private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
    @Override
    public final boolean isInitialized() {
      byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
      if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
      if (isInitialized == 0) return false;

      if (!hasSubReqID()) {
        memoizedIsInitialized = 0;
        return false;
      }
      if (!hasUserName()) {
        memoizedIsInitialized = 0;
        return false;
      }
      if (!hasProductName()) {
        memoizedIsInitialized = 0;
        return false;
      }
      memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
      return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
                        throws java.io.IOException {
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
        output.writeInt32(1, subReqID_);
      }
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 2, userName_);
      }
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 3, productName_);
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < address_.size(); i++) {
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 4, address_.getRaw(i));
      }
      unknownFields.writeTo(output);
    }

    @Override
    public int getSerializedSize() {
      int size = memoizedSize;
      if (size != -1) return size;

      size = 0;
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
          .computeInt32Size(1, subReqID_);
      }
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(2, userName_);
      }
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(3, productName_);
      }
      {
        int dataSize = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < address_.size(); i++) {
          dataSize += computeStringSizeNoTag(address_.getRaw(i));
        }
        size += dataSize;
        size += 1 * getAddressList().size();
      }
      size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
      memoizedSize = size;
      return size;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
      if (obj == this) {
       return true;
      }
      if (!(obj instanceof SubscribeReq)) {
        return super.equals(obj);
      }
      SubscribeReq other = (SubscribeReq) obj;

      if (hasSubReqID() != other.hasSubReqID()) return false;
      if (hasSubReqID()) {
        if (getSubReqID()
            != other.getSubReqID()) return false;
      }
      if (hasUserName() != other.hasUserName()) return false;
      if (hasUserName()) {
        if (!getUserName()
            .equals(other.getUserName())) return false;
      }
      if (hasProductName() != other.hasProductName()) return false;
      if (hasProductName()) {
        if (!getProductName()
            .equals(other.getProductName())) return false;
      }
      if (!getAddressList()
          .equals(other.getAddressList())) return false;
      if (!unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields)) return false;
      return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
        return memoizedHashCode;
      }
      int hash = 41;
      hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
      if (hasSubReqID()) {
        hash = (37 * hash) + SUBREQID_FIELD_NUMBER;
        hash = (53 * hash) + getSubReqID();
      }
      if (hasUserName()) {
        hash = (37 * hash) + USERNAME_FIELD_NUMBER;
        hash = (53 * hash) + getUserName().hashCode();
      }
      if (hasProductName()) {
        hash = (37 * hash) + PRODUCTNAME_FIELD_NUMBER;
        hash = (53 * hash) + getProductName().hashCode();
      }
      if (getAddressCount() > 0) {
        hash = (37 * hash) + ADDRESS_FIELD_NUMBER;
        hash = (53 * hash) + getAddressList().hashCode();
      }
      hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();
      memoizedHashCode = hash;
      return hash;
    }

    public static SubscribeReq parseFrom(
        java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseFrom(
        java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseFrom(byte[] data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseFrom(
        byte[] data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseFrom(
        java.io.InputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseDelimitedFrom(
        java.io.InputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
    }
    public static SubscribeReq parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
    }

    @Override
    public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
    public static Builder newBuilder() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
    }
    public static Builder newBuilder(SubscribeReq prototype) {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
    }
    @Override
    public Builder toBuilder() {
      return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
          ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected Builder newBuilderForType(
        BuilderParent parent) {
      Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
      return builder;
    }
    /**
     * Protobuf type {@code SubscribeReq}
     */
    public static final class Builder extends
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
        // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:SubscribeReq)
        SubscribeReqOrBuilder {
      public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
          getDescriptor() {
        return SubscribeReqProto.internal_static_SubscribeReq_descriptor;
      }

      @Override
      protected FieldAccessorTable
          internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
        return SubscribeReqProto.internal_static_SubscribeReq_fieldAccessorTable
            .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
                SubscribeReq.class, Builder.class);
      }

      // Construct using com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf.SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.newBuilder()
      private Builder() {
        maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
      }

      private Builder(
          BuilderParent parent) {
        super(parent);
        maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
      }
      private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {
        if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
                .alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
        }
      }
      @Override
      public Builder clear() {
        super.clear();
        subReqID_ = 0;
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
        userName_ = "";
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
        productName_ = "";
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
        address_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
        return this;
      }

      @Override
      public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
          getDescriptorForType() {
        return SubscribeReqProto.internal_static_SubscribeReq_descriptor;
      }

      @Override
      public SubscribeReq getDefaultInstanceForType() {
        return SubscribeReq.getDefaultInstance();
      }

      @Override
      public SubscribeReq build() {
        SubscribeReq result = buildPartial();
        if (!result.isInitialized()) {
          throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
        }
        return result;
      }

      @Override
      public SubscribeReq buildPartial() {
        SubscribeReq result = new SubscribeReq(this);
        int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
        int to_bitField0_ = 0;
        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
          result.subReqID_ = subReqID_;
          to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
        }
        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
          to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
        }
        result.userName_ = userName_;
        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
          to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
        }
        result.productName_ = productName_;
        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
          address_ = address_.getUnmodifiableView();
          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
        }
        result.address_ = address_;
        result.bitField0_ = to_bitField0_;
        onBuilt();
        return result;
      }

      @Override
      public Builder clone() {
        return super.clone();
      }
      @Override
      public Builder setField(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
          Object value) {
        return super.setField(field, value);
      }
      @Override
      public Builder clearField(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
        return super.clearField(field);
      }
      @Override
      public Builder clearOneof(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
        return super.clearOneof(oneof);
      }
      @Override
      public Builder setRepeatedField(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
          int index, Object value) {
        return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
      }
      @Override
      public Builder addRepeatedField(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
          Object value) {
        return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
      }
      @Override
      public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
        if (other instanceof SubscribeReq) {
          return mergeFrom((SubscribeReq)other);
        } else {
          super.mergeFrom(other);
          return this;
        }
      }

      public Builder mergeFrom(SubscribeReq other) {
        if (other == SubscribeReq.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
        if (other.hasSubReqID()) {
          setSubReqID(other.getSubReqID());
        }
        if (other.hasUserName()) {
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
          userName_ = other.userName_;
          onChanged();
        }
        if (other.hasProductName()) {
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
          productName_ = other.productName_;
          onChanged();
        }
        if (!other.address_.isEmpty()) {
          if (address_.isEmpty()) {
            address_ = other.address_;
            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
          } else {
            ensureAddressIsMutable();
            address_.addAll(other.address_);
          }
          onChanged();
        }
        this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      @Override
      public final boolean isInitialized() {
        if (!hasSubReqID()) {
          return false;
        }
        if (!hasUserName()) {
          return false;
        }
        if (!hasProductName()) {
          return false;
        }
        return true;
      }

      @Override
      public Builder mergeFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        SubscribeReq parsedMessage = null;
        try {
          parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
        } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
          parsedMessage = (SubscribeReq) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
          throw e.unwrapIOException();
        } finally {
          if (parsedMessage != null) {
            mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
          }
        }
        return this;
      }
      private int bitField0_;

      private int subReqID_ ;
      /**
       * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
       */
      public boolean hasSubReqID() {
        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0);
      }
      /**
       * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
       */
      public int getSubReqID() {
        return subReqID_;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
       */
      public Builder setSubReqID(int value) {
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
        subReqID_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
       */
      public Builder clearSubReqID() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
        subReqID_ = 0;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private Object userName_ = "";
      /**
       * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
       */
      public boolean hasUserName() {
        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0);
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
       */
      public String getUserName() {
        Object ref = userName_;
        if (!(ref instanceof String)) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
              (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
          String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
          if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {
            userName_ = s;
          }
          return s;
        } else {
          return (String) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
       */
      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
          getUserNameBytes() {
        Object ref = userName_;
        if (ref instanceof String) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString b =
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                  (String) ref);
          userName_ = b;
          return b;
        } else {
          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
       */
      public Builder setUserName(
          String value) {
        if (value == null) {
    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
        userName_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string userName = 2;</code>
       */
      public Builder clearUserName() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
        userName_ = getDefaultInstance().getUserName();
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
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SubscribeRespProto.java

// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
// source: SubscribeResp.proto

package com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf;

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       */
      public boolean hasSubReqID() {
        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0);
      }
      /**
       * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
       */
      public int getSubReqID() {
        return subReqID_;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
       */
      public Builder setSubReqID(int value) {
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
        subReqID_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required int32 subReqID = 1;</code>
       */
      public Builder clearSubReqID() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
        subReqID_ = 0;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private int respCode_ ;
      /**
       * <code>required int32 respCode = 2;</code>
       */
      public boolean hasRespCode() {
        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0);
      }
      /**
       * <code>required int32 respCode = 2;</code>
       */
      public int getRespCode() {
        return respCode_;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required int32 respCode = 2;</code>
       */
      public Builder setRespCode(int value) {
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
        respCode_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required int32 respCode = 2;</code>
       */
      public Builder clearRespCode() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
        respCode_ = 0;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private Object desc_ = "";
      /**
       * <code>required string desc = 3;</code>
       */
      public boolean hasDesc() {
        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0);
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string desc = 3;</code>
       */
      public String getDesc() {
        Object ref = desc_;
        if (!(ref instanceof String)) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
              (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
          String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
          if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {
            desc_ = s;
          }
          return s;
        } else {
          return (String) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string desc = 3;</code>
       */
      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
          getDescBytes() {
        Object ref = desc_;
        if (ref instanceof String) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString b =
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                  (String) ref);
          desc_ = b;
          return b;
        } else {
          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string desc = 3;</code>
       */
      public Builder setDesc(
          String value) {
        if (value == null) {
    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
        desc_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string desc = 3;</code>
       */
      public Builder clearDesc() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
        desc_ = getDefaultInstance().getDesc();
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required string desc = 3;</code>
       */
      public Builder setDescBytes(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
        if (value == null) {
    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
        desc_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      @Override
      public final Builder setUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }

      @Override
      public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }


      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:SubscribeResp)
    }

    // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:SubscribeResp)
    private static final SubscribeResp DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    static {
      DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new SubscribeResp();
    }

    public static SubscribeResp getDefaultInstance() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

    @Deprecated public static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<SubscribeResp>
        PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<SubscribeResp>() {
      @Override
      public SubscribeResp parsePartialFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return new SubscribeResp(input, extensionRegistry);
      }
    };

    public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<SubscribeResp> parser() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @Override
    public com.google.protobuf.Parser<SubscribeResp> getParserForType() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @Override
    public SubscribeResp getDefaultInstanceForType() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

  }

  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
    internal_static_SubscribeResp_descriptor;
  private static final
    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
      internal_static_SubscribeResp_fieldAccessorTable;

  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      getDescriptor() {
    return descriptor;
  }
  private static  com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      descriptor;
  static {
    String[] descriptorData = {
      "\n\023SubscribeResp.proto\"A\n\rSubscribeResp\022\020" +
      "\n\010subReqID\030\001 \002(\005\022\020\n\010respCode\030\002 \002(\005\022\014\n\004de" +
      "sc\030\003 \002(\tB3\n\035com.viagra.chapter08.protobu" +
      "fB\022SubscribeRespProto"
    };
    descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
        });
    internal_static_SubscribeResp_descriptor =
      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
    internal_static_SubscribeResp_fieldAccessorTable = new
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
        internal_static_SubscribeResp_descriptor,
        new String[] { "SubReqID", "RespCode", "Desc", });
  }

  // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
}

最后运行TestSubscribeReqProto.java

package com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf;

import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Auther: viagra
 * @Date: 2019/8/1 14:54
 * @Description:
 */
public class TestSubscribeReqProto {

    private static byte[] encode(SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq req) {
        return req.toByteArray();
    }

    private static SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq decode(byte[] body)
            throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.parseFrom(body);
    }

    private static SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq createSubscribeReq() {
        SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.Builder builder = SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq
                .newBuilder();
        builder.setSubReqID(1);
        builder.setUserName("Lilinfeng");
        builder.setProductName("Netty Book");
        List<String> address = new ArrayList<>();
        address.add("NanJing YuHuaTai");
        address.add("BeiJing LiuLiChang");
        address.add("ShenZhen HongShuLin");
        builder.addAllAddress(address);
        return builder.build();
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args)
            throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq req = createSubscribeReq();
        System.out.println("Before encode : " + req.toString());
        SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq req2 = decode(encode(req));
        System.out.println("After decode : " + req.toString());
        System.out.println("Assert equal : --> " + req2.equals(req));

    }

}

``
我 们 首 先 看 如 何 创 建 `SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq`  实 例 ， 第 24 行 通 过 `SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq` 的 静 态 方 法 newBuilder 创 建 SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq 的 Builder实 例 ， 通 过 Builder 构 建 器 对 SubscribeReq 的 属 性 进 行 设 置 ， 对 于 集 合 类 型 ， 通 过addAllXXX() 方 法 可 以 将 集 合 对 象 设 置 到 对 应 的 属 性 中编 码 时 通 过 调 用 SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq 实 例 的 toByteArray 即 可 将SubscribeReq 编 码 为 byte 数 组 ， 使 用 非 常 方 便 。
编 码 时 通 过 调 用 `SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq`  实 例 的 toByteArray 即 可 将Subscri be Req 编 码 为 byte 数 组 ， 使 用 非 常 方 便 。
解 码 时 通 过 SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq 的 静 态 方 法 parseFrom 将 二 进 制 byte 数 组解 码 为 原 始 的 对 象 。

运行结果:
```yml
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:E:\software\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.2\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=8807:E:\software\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.2\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\java\netty\cookbook\netty-UserGuide\target\classes;E:\ApacheSoftwareFoundation\maven_Repository\org\projectlombok\lombok\1.16.20\lombok-1.16.20.jar;E:\ApacheSoftwareFoundation\maven_Repository\commons-logging\commons-logging\1.1.1\commons-logging-1.1.1.jar;E:\ApacheSoftwareFoundation\maven_Repository\log4j\log4j\1.2.17\log4j-1.2.17.jar;E:\ApacheSoftwareFoundation\maven_Repository\io\netty\netty-all\5.0.0.Alpha2\netty-all-5.0.0.Alpha2.jar;E:\ApacheSoftwareFoundation\maven_Repository\org\msgpack\msgpack\0.6.12\msgpack-0.6.12.jar;E:\ApacheSoftwareFoundation\maven_Repository\com\googlecode\json-simple\json-simple\1.1.1\json-simple-1.1.1.jar;E:\ApacheSoftwareFoundation\maven_Repository\org\javassist\javassist\3.24.0-GA\javassist-3.24.0-GA.jar;E:\ApacheSoftwareFoundation\maven_Repository\com\google\protobuf\protobuf-java\3.9.0\protobuf-java-3.9.0.jar" com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf.TestSubscribeReqProto
Before encode : subReqID: 1
userName: "Lilinfeng"
productName: "Netty Book"
address: "NanJing YuHuaTai"
address: "BeiJing LiuLiChang"
address: "ShenZhen HongShuLin"

After decode : subReqID: 1
userName: "Lilinfeng"
productName: "Netty Book"
address: "NanJing YuHuaTai"
address: "BeiJing LiuLiChang"
address: "ShenZhen HongShuLin"

Assert equal : --> true

Process finished with exit code 0

8.2 Netty的protobuf 服务器端编程

SubRespProServer.java

package com.viagra.chapter08.protobufDemo;

import com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf.SubscribeReqProto;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
/**
 * @Auther: viagra
 * @Date: 2019/8/1 21:58
 * @Description:
 */
public class SubRespProServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        ServerBootstrap s = new ServerBootstrap();
        s.group(bossGroup,workerGroup)
                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
                .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
                .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                        sc.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder());
                        sc.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(SubscribeReqProto.SubcribeReq.getDefaultInstance()));
                        sc.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender());
                        sc.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufEncoder());
                        sc.pipeline().addLast(new SubRespProHandler());
                    }
                });
        try {
            ChannelFuture cf = s.bind(9989).sync();
            cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

}

SubRespProHandler.java

package com.viagra.chapter08.protobufDemo;

import com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf.SubscribeReqProto;
import com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf.SubscribeRespProto;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;


/**
 * @Auther: viagra
 * @Date: 2019/8/1 21:59
 * @Description:
 */
public class SubRespProHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }
    private SubscribeRespProto.SubcribeResp createSubcribeResp(int subReqID) {
        SubscribeRespProto.SubcribeResp.Builder builder = SubscribeRespProto.SubcribeResp.newBuilder();
        builder.setSubReqID(subReqID);
        builder.setRespCode(0);
        builder.setDesc("Order success.");
        return builder.build();
    }
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        SubscribeReqProto.SubcribeReq req = (SubscribeReqProto.SubcribeReq) msg;
        System.out.println("接收到客户端请求：" + req.getSubReqID() + ",userName:" + req.getUserName() + ",productName:" + req.getProductName());
        SubscribeRespProto.SubcribeResp resp = createSubcribeResp(req.getSubReqID());
        ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);
    }
}

SubReqProClient.java

package com.viagra.chapter08.protobufDemo;
import com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf.SubscribeRespProto;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender;

/**
 * @Auther: viagra
 * @Date: 2019/8/1 22:00
 * @Description:
 */
public class SubReqProClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
        b.group(group)
                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
                .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                        sc.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder());
                        sc.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(SubscribeRespProto.SubcribeResp.getDefaultInstance()));
                        sc.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender());
                        sc.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufEncoder());
                        sc.pipeline().addLast(new SubReqProHandler());
                    }
                });
        try {
            ChannelFuture f = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 9989).sync();
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

SubReqProHandler.java

package com.viagra.chapter08.protobufDemo;

import com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf.SubscribeReqProto;
import com.viagra.chapter08.protobuf.SubscribeRespProto;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Auther: viagra
 * @Date: 2019/8/1 22:00
 * @Description:
 */
public class SubReqProHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        SubscribeReqProto.SubcribeReq req = null;
        for (int i=0;i<10;i++) {
            req = createSubcribeReq(i);
            ctx.write(req);
        }
        ctx.flush();
    }
    private SubscribeReqProto.SubcribeReq createSubcribeReq(int subSeqID) {
        SubscribeReqProto.SubcribeReq.Builder builder = SubscribeReqProto.SubcribeReq.newBuilder();
        builder.setSubReqID(subSeqID);
        builder.setUserName("j.tommy");
        builder.setProductName("netty权威指南");
        List<String> addressList = new ArrayList<String>();
        addressList.add("北京市");
        addressList.add("西安市");
        addressList.add("深圳市");
        return builder.build();
    }
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        SubscribeRespProto.SubcribeResp resp = (SubscribeRespProto.SubcribeResp) msg;
        System.out.println("接收到服务端响应：" + resp.getSubReqID() + ",responseCode:" + resp.getRespCode() + ",desc:" + resp.getDesc());
    }
}

运行结果：
服务端

2019-08-02 09:55:37 DEBUG Recycler:56 - -Dio.netty.recycler.maxCapacity: 262144
接收到客户端请求：0,userName:j.tommy,productName:netty权威指南
接收到客户端请求：1,userName:j.tommy,productName:netty权威指南
接收到客户端请求：2,userName:j.tommy,productName:netty权威指南
接收到客户端请求：3,userName:j.tommy,productName:netty权威指南
接收到客户端请求：4,userName:j.tommy,productName:netty权威指南
接收到客户端请求：5,userName:j.tommy,productName:netty权威指南
接收到客户端请求：6,userName:j.tommy,productName:netty权威指南
接收到客户端请求：7,userName:j.tommy,productName:netty权威指南
接收到客户端请求：8,userName:j.tommy,productName:netty权威指南
接收到客户端请求：9,userName:j.tommy,productName:netty权威指南

客户端

2019-08-02 09:55:37 DEBUG ResourceLeakDetector:79 - -Dio.netty.leakDetectionLevel: simple
接收到服务端响应：0,responseCode:0,desc:Order success.
接收到服务端响应：1,responseCode:0,desc:Order success.
接收到服务端响应：2,responseCode:0,desc:Order success.
接收到服务端响应：3,responseCode:0,desc:Order success.
接收到服务端响应：4,responseCode:0,desc:Order success.
接收到服务端响应：5,responseCode:0,desc:Order success.
接收到服务端响应：6,responseCode:0,desc:Order success.
接收到服务端响应：7,responseCode:0,desc:Order success.
接收到服务端响应：8,responseCode:0,desc:Order success.
接收到服务端响应：9,responseCode:0,desc:Order success.

8.3.Protobuf的使用注意事项

ProtobufDecoder仅仅负责解码，它不支持读半包。因此在ProtobufDecoder的前面，一定要有能够处理半包消息的解码器。
有3种方式可以选择：
1.使用Netty提供的ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder，它可以处理半包消息；
2.继承Netty提供的通用半包解码器LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
3.继承ByteToMessageDecoder类，自己处理半包消息。

如果只使用ProtobufDecoder解码器，而忽略对半包消息的处理，程序没法正常工作。