四大函数式接口

什么是函数式接口

函数式接口是指只定义了一个抽象方法的接口，或者加了 @FunctionalInterface 注解的接口。
可以有默认方法。

四大函数式接口

四大函数式接口分别是：功能型函数接口（Function）、消费型函数接口（Consumer）、供给型函数式接口（Supplier）、断言型函数式接口（Predicate）。这里都是简单的了解它们。

功能型函数接口（Function）

首先不要考虑太多，试着去使用它。

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {

    /**
     * Applies this function to the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the function argument
     * @return the function result
     */
    R apply(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
     * function to its input, and then applies this function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of input to the {@code before} function, and to the
     *           composed function
     * @param before the function to apply before this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
     * function and then applies this function
     * @throws NullPointerException if before is null
     *
     * @see #andThen(Function)
     */
    default <V> Function<V, R> compose(Function<? super V, ? extends T> before) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(before);
        return (V v) -> apply(before.apply(v));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies this function to
     * its input, and then applies the {@code after} function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of output of the {@code after} function, and of the
     *           composed function
     * @param after the function to apply after this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies this function and then
     * applies the {@code after} function
     * @throws NullPointerException if after is null
     *
     * @see #compose(Function)
     */
    default <V> Function<T, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(after);
        return (T t) -> after.apply(apply(t));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a function that always returns its input argument.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the input and output objects to the function
     * @return a function that always returns its input argument
     */
    static <T> Function<T, T> identity() {
        return t -> t;
    }
}

public class FunctionInterfaceDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Function<String,Integer> function = new Function<String, Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer apply(String s) {
                return 1;
            }
        };
        int r = function.apply("传入的是一个字符串");
        System.out.println(r); //打印的结果是一个int类型 1
    }
    }

再来看下上面代码的Lambda写法,了解过Lambda的就知道，只有函数式接口才可以被lambda表达式所使用，也知道Lambda的公式化写法，直接将函数式接口的参数列表复制过来，(T t) -> {},只有一个参数就可以写成 （）-> {}

public class FunctionInterfaceDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       Function<String,Integer> function = s -> {return 1;};
        int r = function.apply("传入的是一个字符串");
        System.out.println(r); //打印的结果是一个int类型 1
    }
    }

断言型函数式接口（Predicate）

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {

    /**
     * Evaluates this predicate on the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the input argument
     * @return {@code true} if the input argument matches the predicate,
     * otherwise {@code false}
     */
    boolean test(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
     * AND of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
     * predicate, if this predicate is {@code false}, then the {@code other}
     * predicate is not evaluated.
     *
     * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
     * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
     * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
     *
     * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ANDed with this
     *              predicate
     * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
     * AND of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
     * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
     */
    default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
     * predicate.
     *
     * @return a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
     * predicate
     */
    default Predicate<T> negate() {
        return (t) -> !test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
     * OR of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
     * predicate, if this predicate is {@code true}, then the {@code other}
     * predicate is not evaluated.
     *
     * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
     * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
     * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
     *
     * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ORed with this
     *              predicate
     * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
     * OR of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
     * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
     */
    default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
     * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of arguments to the predicate
     * @param targetRef the object reference with which to compare for equality,
     *               which may be {@code null}
     * @return a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
     * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}
     */
    static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) {
        return (null == targetRef)
                ? Objects::isNull
                : object -> targetRef.equals(object);
    }
}

public class FunctionInterfaceDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Predicate<String> predicate = new Predicate<String>() {
            @Override
            public boolean test(String s) {
                return false;
            }
        };
        boolean bool = predicate.test("传入的是一个字符串");
        System.out.println(bool); //打印的就是false
    }
}

再来看下上面代码的Lambda写法，还是一样的

 Predicate<String> predicate = s -> {return  false;};
 boolean bool = predicate.test("传入的是一个字符串");
 System.out.println(bool); //打印的就是false

消费型函数接口（Consumer）

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {

    /**
     * Performs this operation on the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the input argument
     */
    void accept(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed {@code Consumer} that performs, in sequence, this
     * operation followed by the {@code after} operation. If performing either
     * operation throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller of the
     * composed operation.  If performing this operation throws an exception,
     * the {@code after} operation will not be performed.
     *
     * @param after the operation to perform after this operation
     * @return a composed {@code Consumer} that performs in sequence this
     * operation followed by the {@code after} operation
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code after} is null
     */
    default Consumer<T> andThen(Consumer<? super T> after) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(after);
        return (T t) -> { accept(t); after.accept(t); };
    }
}

public class FunctionInterfaceDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Consumer<String> consumer = new Consumer<String>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(String s) {
                //这里没有返回值，把传进来的s消费了
                System.out.println("被消费了");
            }
        };
        consumer.accept("传入的是一个字符串");
    }
}

再来看下上面代码的Lambda写法，还是一样的

public class FunctionInterfaceDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       Consumer<String> consumer = s -> {
           System.out.println(s);
       };
        consumer.accept("传入的是一个字符串");
    }
}

供给型函数式接口（Supplier）

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {

    /**
     * Gets a result.
     *
     * @return a result
     */
    T get();
}

public class FunctionInterfaceDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Supplier<String> supplier = new Supplier<String>() {
            @Override
            public String get() {
                return "返回了一个字符串";
            }
        };
        String str = supplier.get();
        System.out.println(str);
    }
}

再来看下上面代码的Lambda写法，还是一样的

public class FunctionInterfaceDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Supplier<String> supplier = () -> {return "返回了一个字符串";}; //get()方法没参数，所以要写括号
        String str = supplier.get();
        System.out.println(str);
    }
}

跟着敲下来的或许有点悟到了，Lambda表达式的效果和匿名内部类差不多；
这四个函数式接口要记住，后面流式计算的时候会用到。