字符串，列表，字典，元祖，集合

str字符串

1.字符串首字母大写

name = 'alex'

v = name.capitalize()

print(v)

2.将所有大写字母变小写

name = 'AleX'

v = name.casefold()   #可以将德语之类的变小写

print(v)

3.将所有大写字母变小写

name = 'AleX'

v = name.lower()

print()

4.文本居中

参数1表示总长度，参数2表示填充的字符

name = 'alex'

v = name.center(20)

print(v)

v = name.center(20,'行')

print(v)

5.表示传入值在字符串中出现的次数

参数1要查询的值，参数2起始位置（索引），参数3结束位置（索引）

name = 'fafdsnvzcvjlafnasxczlvjanfasngfgfg'

v = name.count('a')

print(v)

v = name.count('fg')

print(v)

v = name.count('fg',0,15)

print(v)

6.是否是以xx结尾

name = 'alex'

v = name.endswith('ex')

print(v)

7.是否是以xx开头

name = 'alex'

v = name.startswith('al')

print(v)

8.找到制表符\t,进行替换(包含前面的值)，像表格一样

name = 'al\te\tx\nalex\tuu\tkkk'

v = name.expandtabs(20)

print(v)

9.找到指定子序列索引值的位置，不存在返回-1

name = 'alex'

v = name.find('o')

print(v)

v = name.index('o')  不存在会报错

print(v)

10.字符串格式化

tpl = '我是:%s,年龄:%s,性别:%s' %('李杰',19,'男')

print(tpl)

tpl = '我是:{0},年龄:{1},性别:{2}'

v = tpl.format('李杰',19,'男')

print(v)

tpl = '我是:{name},年龄:{age},性别:{gender}'

v = tpl.format(name = '李杰',age = 19,gender = '男')

print(v)

tpl = '我是:{name},年龄:{age},性别:{gender}'

v = tpl.format_map({'name':''李杰,'age':19,'gender':'男'})

print(v)

11.是否是数字，汉子

name = 'alex8汉子'

v = name.isalnum()  #字符，数字，不包含符号

print(v)

v = name.isalpha()  #字母

print(v)

12.是否为数字

num = '②'

v1 = num.isdecimal()  #'123'

v2 = num.isdigit()  #'123','②'

v3 = num.isnumeric()  #'123','②','二'

print(v1,v2,v3)

13.是否是表示符

n = 'name'

v = isidentifier()

print(v)

14.是否全部是小写,大写

name = 'ALEX'

v = name.islower()

print(v)

v = name.isupper()

print(v)

15.全部变大写

name = 'alex'

v = name.upper()  #lower(0

print(v)

16.是否包含隐含的xx

name = '钓鱼要钓刀鱼,\n刀鱼要到岛上钓'

v = name.isprintable()

print(v)

17.是否全部是空格

name = '         '

v = name.isspace()

print(v)

18.元素拼接(元素字符串)

name = 'alex'

v = '_'.join(name)

print(v)

name_list = ['海峰','杠娘','李杰','李泉']

v = '搞'.join(name_list)

print(v)

19.左右填充

center,rjust,ljust

name = 'alex'

v = name.rjust(20,'*')

print(v)

20.对应关系+翻译

m = str.maketrans('aeiou','12345')

name = 'fvznvkgdfgvbzxvnadfivbsagngdfgakfghadfcvibwfv'

v = name.translate(m)

print(v)

21.分割，保留分割的元素

content = '李泉SB刘康SB刘一'

v = content.partition('SB')

print(v)  #('李泉', 'SB', '刘康SB刘一')

22.替换

content = '李泉SB刘康SB刘浩SB刘一'

v = content.replace('SB','Love')

print(v)

v = content.replace('SB','Love',1)

print(v)

23.移除空白\n,\t,自定义

name = 'alex\t'

v = name.strip()

print(v)

24.大小写转换

name = 'Alex'

v = name.swapcase()

print(v)

25.填充

name = 'alex'

v = name.zfill(20)

print(v)

26.转换成字节

name = '李杰'

v1 = name.encode(encoding='utf-8')

print(v1)

v2 = name.encode(encoding='gbk')

print(v2)

int整数

1.当前整数的二进制表示，最少位数

age = 4

print(age.bit_length())

2.获取当前数据的字节表示

age = 15

v = age.to_bytes(10,byteorder = 'big')

v = age.to_bytes(10,byteorder = 'little')

print(v)

bool布尔值

list列表

1.追加

user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']

user_list.append('刘铭')

print(user_list)

2.清空

user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']

user_list.clear()

print(user_list)

3.拷贝(浅拷贝)

user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']

v = user_list.copy()

print(v)

4.计数

user_list = ['李泉','刘一',‘李泉’,'刘康','豆豆','小龙']

v = user_list.count('李泉')

print(v)

5.扩展原列表

user_list = ['李泉','刘一',‘李泉’,'刘康','豆豆','小龙']

user_list.extend(['郭少龙','郭少霞'])

print(user_list)

6.查找元素索引，会报错

user_list = ['李泉','刘一',‘李泉’,'刘康','豆豆','小龙']

v = user_list.index('李海')

print(v)

7.删除并获取元素，索引

user_list = ['李泉','刘一',‘李泉’,'刘康','豆豆','小龙']

v = user_list.pop(1)

print(v)

print(user_list)

8.删除值

user_list = ['李泉','刘一',‘李泉’,'刘康','豆豆','小龙']

user_list.remove('刘一')

print(user_list)

9.翻转

user_list = ['李泉','刘一',‘李泉’,'刘康','豆豆','小龙']

user_list.reverse()

print(user_list)

10.排序：欠参数

nums = [11,22,3,3,9,88]

print(nums)

排序，从小到大

nums.sort()

排序，从大到小

nums.sort(reverse = True)

print(nums)

range,enumerate的用法

1.请输出1-10

for i in range(1,11):

    print(i)

for i in range(1,11,2):

    print(i)

for i in range(10,0,-1):

    print(i)

2.range的三个参数

li = ['eric','alex','tony']

for i in range(0,len(li)):

    ele = li[i]

    print(ele)

li = ['eric','alex','tony']

for i in li:

    print(i)

for i in range(0,len(li)):

    print(i+1,li[i])

enumerate额外生成一组有序的数字

li = ['eric','alex','tony']

for i,ele in enumerate(li,1):

    print(i,ele)

tunple:元组，不可修改的列表，不可变类型：

user_tunple = ('alex','eric','seven','alex')

1.获取个数

v = user_tunple.count('alex')

print(v)

2.获取值的第一个索引位置

v = user_tunple.index('alex')

print(v)

dict:字典，可变类型

1.清空

dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}

dic.clear()

print(dic)

2.浅拷贝
dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}

v = dic.copy

print(v)

3.根据key获取指定的value，不存在不报错

dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}

v = dic.get('k1')

print(v)   #v1

v = dic.get('k11111')

print(v)   #None

v = dic['k1']

print(v)

4.删除并获取对应的value值

dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}

v = dic.pop('k1')

print(dic)

print(v)

k,v = dic.popitem()

print(dic)

print(k,v)

v = dic.popitem()

print(dic)

print(v[0],v[1])

增加，如果存在则不作操作

dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}

dic.setdefault('k3','v3')

print(dic)

dic.setdefault('k1','111111111')

print(dic)

批量增加或修改

dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}

dic.update({'k3':'v3','k1':'v24'})

print(dic)

dic = dict.fromkeys(['k1','k2','k3'],123)

print(dic)

dic = dict.fromkeys(['k1','k2','k3'],123)

dic['k1'] = 'fasdfagdsfgfdg'

print(dic)

字典可以嵌套

字典key必须是不可变类型

set集合，不可重复的列表，可变类型

s1 = {'alex','eric','tony','李泉','李泉11'}

s2 = {'alex','eric','tony','刘一'}

1.s1中存在,s2中不存在

v = s1.difference(s2)

print(v)

s1中存在，s2中不存在,然后对s1清空，将内容复制进s1

s1.difference_update(s2)

print(s1)

3.s1中存在,s2中不存在；s2中存在,s1中不存在

v = s1.symmetric_difference(s2)

print(v)

4.交集

v = s1.intersection(s2)

print(v)

5.并集

v = s1.union(s2)

print(v)

6.移除

s1 = {'alex','eric','tony','李泉','李泉11'}

s1.discard('alex')

print(s1)

s1 = {'alex','eric','tony','李泉','李泉11'}

s1.update({'alex','123123','fff'})

print(s1)