gevent实现简单的协程

gevent实现简单的协程

协程，又称微线程。是指程序在执行线程A的时候如果碰到耗时操作，会自动切换到函数B执行，B碰到耗时操作自动切换回A。这一系列动作看起来像多线程，但是却只有一个线程执行。
优势：
- 占用资源更少
多任务占用资源排名 进程>线程>协程
- 执行效率极高，因为切换函数执行不是线程切换，而是程序本身控制，没有线程需要占用的资源。所以和线程对比，任务越多的时候，协程的优势越明显。
协程擅长处理IO密集型任务（耗时操作多），而不擅长处理计算密集型程序（耗时操作少）。

协程真正实现多任务核心：利用一个任务延时的时候切换另一个任务

使用gevent实现简单的协程

1. import gevent 导入包
2. 变量名 = gevent.spawn(函数名, 参数) 创建协程对象，碰到耗时操作自动执行
3. 变量名.join() 等待协程运行结束
   注：gevent是第三方库，需要执行下载安装

import gevent


def run():
    """执行函数"""
    for i in range(5):
        print("%d------%s" % (i, gevent.getcurrent()))
        gevent.sleep(0.1)  # 手动延时操作


def main():
    g1 = gevent.spawn(run)
    g2 = gevent.spawn(run)
    g3 = gevent.spawn(run)
    g1.join()
    g2.join()
    g3.join()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

执行结果:

0------<Greenlet "Greenlet-0" at 0x5011b58: run>
0------<Greenlet "Greenlet-1" at 0x51082d8: run>
0------<Greenlet "Greenlet-2" at 0x5108360: run>
1------<Greenlet "Greenlet-0" at 0x5011b58: run>
1------<Greenlet "Greenlet-1" at 0x51082d8: run>
1------<Greenlet "Greenlet-2" at 0x5108360: run>
2------<Greenlet "Greenlet-0" at 0x5011b58: run>
2------<Greenlet "Greenlet-1" at 0x51082d8: run>
2------<Greenlet "Greenlet-2" at 0x5108360: run>
3------<Greenlet "Greenlet-0" at 0x5011b58: run>
3------<Greenlet "Greenlet-1" at 0x51082d8: run>
3------<Greenlet "Greenlet-2" at 0x5108360: run>
4------<Greenlet "Greenlet-0" at 0x5011b58: run>
4------<Greenlet "Greenlet-1" at 0x51082d8: run>
4------<Greenlet "Greenlet-2" at 0x5108360: run>

jionall

gevent.joinall()方法会等待所有传入的greenlet协程运行结束后再退出，而不用每个对象都手动写join方法。

使用方法：
gevent.joinall([包含创建协程对象的列表])

代码：

import gevent


def run():
    """执行函数"""
    for i in range(5):
        print("%d------%s" % (i, gevent.getcurrent()))
        gevent.sleep(0.1)  # 手动延时操作


def main():
    join_list = [gevent.spawn(run), gevent.spawn(run), gevent.spawn(run)]
    gevent.joinall(join_list)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行结果：

0------<Greenlet "Greenlet-0" at 0x5821b58: run>
0------<Greenlet "Greenlet-1" at 0x59082d8: run>
0------<Greenlet "Greenlet-2" at 0x5908360: run>
1------<Greenlet "Greenlet-0" at 0x5821b58: run>
1------<Greenlet "Greenlet-1" at 0x59082d8: run>
1------<Greenlet "Greenlet-2" at 0x5908360: run>
2------<Greenlet "Greenlet-0" at 0x5821b58: run>
2------<Greenlet "Greenlet-1" at 0x59082d8: run>
2------<Greenlet "Greenlet-2" at 0x5908360: run>
3------<Greenlet "Greenlet-0" at 0x5821b58: run>
3------<Greenlet "Greenlet-1" at 0x59082d8: run>
3------<Greenlet "Greenlet-2" at 0x5908360: run>
4------<Greenlet "Greenlet-0" at 0x5821b58: run>
4------<Greenlet "Greenlet-1" at 0x59082d8: run>
4------<Greenlet "Greenlet-2" at 0x5908360: run>