Java创建对象的5种方式

说明

Java有5种方式来创建对象：

• 使用 new 关键字（最常用）：

        ObjectName obj = new ObjectName();

• 使用反射的Class类的newInstance()方法：

        ObjectName obj = ObjectName.class.newInstance();

• 使用反射的Constructor类的newInstance()方法：

        ObjectName obj = ObjectName.class.getConstructor.newInstance();

• 使用对象克隆clone()方法：

        ObjectName obj = obj.clone();

• 使用反序列化（ObjectInputStream）的readObject()方法：

        try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(FILE_NAME))) {

            ObjectName obj = ois.readObject();

        }

示例

 创建类

package object;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Objects;

public class Employee implements Serializable, Cloneable {
    private static final long serializableUID = 1L;
    private String name;

    public Employee() {
        System.out.println("Employee Constructor Called...");
    }

    public String getName() { return name; }
    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }

    @Override
    public Employee clone() {
        Employee clone = null;
        try {
            clone = (Employee) super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {

        }
        return clone;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
        Employee employee = (Employee) o;
        return Objects.equals(name, employee.name);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(name); }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

创建类对象

package object;

import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

public class ObjectCreate {
    private static final String FILE_NAME = "employee.obj";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 使用 new关键字 创建对象
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setName("张三");

        // 使用 Class类的 newInstance()方法
        // Employee employee2 = (Employee) Class.forName("Employee").newInstance();
        Employee employee2 = Employee.class.newInstance();
        employee2.setName("xxx2");
        System.out.println("Class类的newInstance()方法：" + employee2);

        // 使用 Constructor类的newInstance()方法
        Employee employee3 = Employee.class.getConstructor().newInstance();
        employee3.setName("xxx3");
        System.out.println("Constructor类的newInstance()方法：" + employee3);

        // 使用 clone()方法：类必须实现Cloneable接口，并重写其clone()方法
        Employee employee4 = (Employee) employee.clone();
        // employee4.setName("xxx4");
        System.out.println("对象clone()方法：" + employee4);

        // 使用 反序列化ObjectInputStream 的readObject()方法：类必须实现 Serializable接口
        // 序列化
        try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(FILE_NAME))) {
            oos.writeObject(employee);
        }
        // 反序列化
        try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(FILE_NAME))) {
            Employee employee5 = (Employee) ois.readObject();
            System.out.println("反序列化：" + employee5);
        }
    }
}