取模运算的定义:a % b = a - n*b,n 为不大于 a/b 的最大整数。
python 中的取模(求余)运算跟C++中的取模(求余)有所差别:
python:
10 % 3 = 1 # 10/3 = 3.33,所以n = 3,10 - 3×3 = 1
12 % 3 = 0 # 12/3 = 4,所以n = 4,12 - 4×3 = 0
-10 % 3 = 2 # -10/3 = -3.33,所以n = -4,-10 - (-4×3) = 2
-23 % 3 = 1 # -23/3 = -7.67,所以n = -8, -23 - (-8×3) = 1
C++:
-10%3 = -1
-23%3 = -2