1.srvice生命周期
Service是四大组件用于后台服务的，当应用程序被挂到后台的时候，问了保证应用某些组件仍然可以工作而引入了
Service
这个概念。
那么这里面要强调的是
Service不是独立的进程，也不是独立的线程
，它是
依赖于应用程序的主线程
的，也就是说，在更多时候不建议在Service中编写耗时的逻辑和操作，否则会引起
ANR
，可以使用
Intent
Service。
生命周期：
一种方式：
被开启的service通过其他组件调用
startService()
被创建。intent调起
这种service可以无限地运行下去，必须调用
stopSelf()
方法或者其他组件调用
stopService()
方法来停止它。
当service被停止时，系统会销毁它。
另外一种：
被绑定的service是当其他组件（一个
activity
）调用
bindService()
来创建的。
activity可以通过一个
IBinder
接口和
service
进行通信。
activity可以通过
unbindService()
方法来关闭这种连接。
一个service可以同时和多个
activity
绑定，当多个
activity
都解除绑定之后，系统会销毁
service
。
2.Intentservice
IntentService有以下特点：
1.它创建了一个独立的工作线程来处理所有的通过onStartCommand()传递给服务的intents。2. 创建了一个工作队列，来逐个发送intent给onHandleIntent()。3.不需要主动调用stopSelft()来结束服务。因为，在所有的intent被处理完后，系统会自动关闭服务。4.默认实现的onBind()返回null5.默认实现的onStartCommand()的目的是将intent插入到工作队列中.
package com.example.demo.servicedemo; import android.app.IntentService; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; import android.support.annotation.Nullable; import android.util.Log; public class MyIntentService extends IntentService { private static final String TAG = "MyIntentService"; //必须实现父类的构造方法 public MyIntentService() { super("MyIntentService"); Log.i(TAG,"====MyIntentService构造方法"); } //必须重写的核心方法 @Override protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) { Log.i(TAG,"====onHandleIntent"); String param1 = intent.getExtras().getString("param"); if (param1.equals("s1")){ Log.i(TAG,"=====启动service1"); }else if (param1.equals("s2")){ Log.i(TAG,"=====启动service2"); }else { Log.i(TAG,"=====启动service3"); } try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Nullable @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { Log.i(TAG,"====onBind"); return super.onBind(intent); } @Override public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { Log.i(TAG,"====onStartCommand"); return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } @Override public void onDestroy() { Log.i(TAG,"====onDestroy"); super.onDestroy(); } @Override public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) { Log.i(TAG,"====setIntentRedelivery"); super.setIntentRedelivery(enabled); } }
客户端：
package com.example.demo.servicedemo; import android.app.Service; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.IBinder; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; private Button bt_oncreat; private Button bt_onstop; private Button bt_onbind; private Button bt_unbind; private Button bt_start_first; private Button bt_start_second; private Button bt_start_third; private Intent intent; MyService.MyBinder binder; private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { binder = (MyService.MyBinder) service; binder.getCount(); Log.i(TAG, "====================onServiceConnected 被调用"); } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { Log.i(TAG, "====================onServiceDisconnected 被调用"); } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Intent intent1 = new Intent(this,MyIntentService.class); Bundle bundle1 = new Bundle(); bundle1.putString("param","s1"); intent1.putExtras(bundle1); Intent intent2 = new Intent(this,MyIntentService.class); Bundle bundle2 = new Bundle(); bundle2.putString("param","s2"); intent2.putExtras(bundle2); Intent intent3 = new Intent(this,MyIntentService.class); Bundle bundle3 = new Bundle(); bundle3.putString("param","s3"); intent3.putExtras(bundle3); startService(intent1); startService(intent2); startService(intent3); } } }
3.使用service和activity
3.1启动服务
先读下面一段：
1.
ServiceConnection对象:监听访问者与Service间的连接情况,如果成功连接,回调 onServiceConnected(),如果异常终止或者其他原因终止导致Service与访问者断开 连接则回调onServiceDisconnected方法,调用unBindService()不会调用该方法!
2.
onServiceConnected方法中有一个IBinder对象,该对象即可实现与被绑定Service 之间的通信!我们再开发Service类时,默认需要实现IBinder onBind()方法,该方法返回的 IBinder对象会传到ServiceConnection对象中的onServiceConnected的参数,我们就可以 在这里通过这个IBinder与Service进行通信.
调用顺序：
MyService: ==============onCreat
被调用
MyService: ==========onBind
被调用
MainActivity: ====================onServiceConnected
被调用
MyService: ====================onUnbind
被调用
MyService: ====================onDestroy
被调用
俩种服务的开启和停止
客户端代码：
package com.example.demo.servicedemo; import android.app.Service; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.IBinder; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; private Button bt_oncreat; private Button bt_onstop; private Button bt_onbind; private Button bt_unbind; private Intent intent; MyService.MyBinder binder; private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { binder = (MyService.MyBinder) service; binder.getCount(); Log.i(TAG, "====================onServiceConnected 被调用"); } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { Log.i(TAG, "====================onServiceDisconnected 被调用"); } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Intent intent = new Intent(this,AidlService.class); startService(intent); bt_oncreat = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_oncreat); bt_onstop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_onstop); bt_onbind = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_onbind); bt_unbind = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_unbind); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.bt_oncreat: startService(intent); break; case R.id.bt_onstop: stopService(intent); break; case R.id.bt_onbind: bindService(intent, conn, Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); break; case R.id.bt_unbind: unbindService(conn); break; default: break; } } }
服务器端：
package com.example.demo.servicedemo; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.IBinder; import android.util.Log; public class MyService extends Service { private static final String TAG = "MyService"; private MyBinder binder = new MyBinder(); private int count; public MyService() { } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { Log.i(TAG, "==========onBind 被调用"); return binder; } @Override public void onCreate() { Log.i(TAG, "==============onCreat 被调用"); for (int i=0;i<100;i++) { count++; } } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { Log.i(TAG, "============onStartCommand 被调用"); return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } @Override public void onDestroy() { Log.i(TAG, "====================onDestroy 被调用"); super.onDestroy(); } public class MyBinder extends Binder { public int getCount() { return count; } } @Override public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) { Log.i(TAG, "====================onUnbind 被调用"); return super.onUnbind(intent); } @Override public void onRebind(Intent intent) { Log.i(TAG, "====================onRebind 被调用"); super.onRebind(intent); } }
3.2 和activity用messenger通信，其实内部是aidl
MessageService: ====onBind====
MainActivity: ====onServiceConnected客服端发送消息
MessageService: ====服务器端接收客户端传来的数据是====从activity传过来的字符攒
MessageService: ====服务器端发送消息
MainActivity: ====客服端接收服务器端的server传过来的数据是===我是服务器传来的数据
service:
package com.example.demo.messageserver;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
public class MessageService extends Service {
public static final int MSG_SUM = 0X110;
private static final String TAG = "MessageService";
public MessageService() {
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "====onBind====");
return serviceMessenger.getBinder();
}
private Messenger clientMessenger;
private Messenger serviceMessenger = new Messenger(new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Message msgToClient = Message.obtain(msg);
switch (msgToClient.arg1) {
case 0x0001:
String str = (String) msg.getData().get("content");
Log.i(TAG, "====服务器端接收客户端传来的数据是====" + str);
try {
Message message = Message.obtain();
message.arg1 = 0x0002;
//msg.replyTo = clientMessenger; 这么写是错误的
clientMessenger = msg.replyTo; //接收clientmessenger
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("content", "===我是服务器传来的数据");
message.setData(bundle);
clientMessenger.send(message); //发送消息
Log.i(TAG, "====服务器端发送消息");
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
});
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.i(TAG, "====onDestroy====");
}
}
客户端：
package com.example.demo.messageclient;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final int MSG_SUM = 0x110;
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private Messenger serviceMessenger;
private TextView tv_state;
private Button bt_oncreat;
private LinearLayout ll_result;
private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
serviceMessenger = new Messenger(binder); //获的服务器的binder对象服务，发送消息
Message message = Message.obtain();
message.arg1 = 0x0001;
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("content", "从activity传过来的字符攒");
message.setData(bundle);
message.replyTo = clientMessenger; //发送clientmessenger
Log.i(TAG, "====onServiceConnected客服端发送消息" );
try {
serviceMessenger.send(message);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
tv_state.setText("disconnected");
}
};
//处理消息
private Messenger clientMessenger = new Messenger(new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msgFromServer) {
Message message = Message.obtain(msgFromServer);
switch (message.arg1) {
case 0x0002:
String str = (String) msgFromServer.getData().get("content");
Log.i(TAG, "====客服端接收服务器端的server传过来的数据是" + str);
break;
}
super.handleMessage(msgFromServer);
}
});
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
tv_state = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_state);
bt_oncreat = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_oncreat);
ll_result = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_result);
bindServiceInvoked();
// bt_oncreat.setOnClickListener(this);
}
private void bindServiceInvoked() {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.example.MessageServer");
bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(conn);
}
}
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