nm命令是在开发过程中比较可能用到的linux命令。
nm命令
nm命令用于显示二进制目标文件的符号表。
提示:由于一般情况下,应用用nm打印出来的符号比较多,不利于观看,这里就哪一个.o文件来演示
语法
nm (选项) (参数) 或者 nm (参数) (选项)
选项
不加参数:打印出二进制文件代码段的符号。
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
U ll2string
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
-a或者–debug-syms:只显示debug符号,会显示各种段,如bss段、data段等。
0000000000000000 b .bss
0000000000000000 n .comment
0000000000000000 d .data
0000000000000000 N .debug_abbrev
0000000000000000 N .debug_aranges
0000000000000000 N .debug_info
0000000000000000 N .debug_line
0000000000000000 N .debug_loc
0000000000000000 N .debug_str
0000000000000000 r .eh_frame
0000000000000000 n .note.GNU-stack
0000000000000000 r .rodata
0000000000000000 r .rodata.str1.1
0000000000000000 t .text
0000000000000000 t .text.unlikely
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
U ll2string
0000000000000000 a notify.c
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
-A:打印是在符号前显示文件名
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm -A notify.o
notify.o: U __stack_chk_fail
notify.o: U createObject
notify.o: U createStringObject
notify.o: U decrRefCount
notify.o:00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
notify.o:0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
notify.o: U ll2string
notify.o:0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
notify.o: U pubsubPublishMessage
notify.o: U sdscatlen
notify.o: U sdscatsds
notify.o: U sdsempty
notify.o: U sdsnewlen
notify.o: U server
notify.o: U strlen
-D:只显示动态库符号(与位置无关)
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm -D notify.o
nm: notify.o: no symbols
用一个.so看看:
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/usr/lib# nm -D libau.so
w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
w _Jv_RegisterClasses
000000000020414c B __bss_start
w __cxa_finalize
U __errno_location
U __fprintf_chk
w __gmon_start__
U __stack_chk_fail
U __xstat
000000000020414c D _edata
00000000002041f0 B _end
0000000000002a0c T _fini
00000000000011e0 T _init
U calloc
U close
0000000000001dce T closedir
...
–defined-only:只显示已经定义了的符号
在动态库中使用:
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/usr/lib# nm --defined-only libau.so
nm: libau.so: no symbols
在静态编译结果中使用:
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm --defined-only notify.o
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
-f或–format=FORMAT:规定输出的格式,FORMAT可以为bsd、sysv、和posix。默认为bsd
bsd格式:
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
U ll2string
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
posix格式:
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o -f posix
__stack_chk_fail U
createObject U
createStringObject U
decrRefCount U
keyspaceEventsFlagsToString T 00000000000000b0 0000000000000197
keyspaceEventsStringToFlags T 0000000000000000 00000000000000a6
ll2string U
notifyKeyspaceEvent T 0000000000000250 00000000000001ce
pubsubPublishMessage U
sdscatlen U
sdscatsds U
sdsempty U
sdsnewlen U
server U
strlen U
sysv格式:
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o -f sysv
Symbols from notify.o:
Name Value Class Type Size Line Section
__stack_chk_fail | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
createObject | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
createStringObject | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
decrRefCount | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
keyspaceEventsFlagsToString|00000000000000b0| T | FUNC|0000000000000197| |.text
keyspaceEventsStringToFlags|0000000000000000| T | FUNC|00000000000000a6| |.text
ll2string | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
notifyKeyspaceEvent |0000000000000250| T | FUNC|00000000000001ce| |.text
pubsubPublishMessage| | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
sdscatlen | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
sdscatsds | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
sdsempty | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
sdsnewlen | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
server | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
strlen | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
-g或者–extern-only:只显示extern符号
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm -g notify.o
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
U ll2string
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
-l或者–line-numbers:显示符号所在的文件的位置(跟实用)
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm -l notify.o
U __stack_chk_fail /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:130
U createObject /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:113
U createStringObject /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:104
U decrRefCount /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:129
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:67
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:40
U ll2string /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:109
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:95
U pubsubPublishMessage /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:114
U sdscatlen /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:83
U sdscatsds /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:112
U sdsempty /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:70
U sdsnewlen /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:108
U server /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:102
U strlen /home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src/notify.c:104
-n或者–numeric-sort:符号按照地址大小排列
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm -n notify.o
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
U ll2string
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
**-o:和-A一致
-p或者–no-sort:不排列符号(默认)
-P或者–portability:和-f posix一致
-r:反向排序符号列表**
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm -r notify.o
U strlen
U server
U sdsnewlen
U sdsempty
U sdscatsds
U sdscatlen
U pubsubPublishMessage
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U ll2string
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
U decrRefCount
U createStringObject
U createObject
U __stack_chk_fail
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
U ll2string
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
**–plugin NAME:加载特定的动态库
-S或者–print-size:打印出符号的大小**
0000000000000000 00000000000000a6 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
U ll2string
0000000000000250 00000000000001ce T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
U ll2string
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
–size-sort:按照符号大小排序(大小为0的不显示)
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o --size-sort
00000000000000a6 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
0000000000000197 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
00000000000001ce T notifyKeyspaceEvent
-t或者–radix=RADIX:按照指定进制显示符号地址:
其中d表10进制(默认)、x表示16进制、o表示八进制。
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o -t d
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
0000000000000176 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
U ll2string
0000000000000592 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o -t x
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
U ll2string
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
-u:显示没有定义的符号(重要)
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm -u notify.o
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
U ll2string
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o
U __stack_chk_fail
U createObject
U createStringObject
U decrRefCount
00000000000000b0 T keyspaceEventsFlagsToString
0000000000000000 T keyspaceEventsStringToFlags
U ll2string
0000000000000250 T notifyKeyspaceEvent
U pubsubPublishMessage
U sdscatlen
U sdscatsds
U sdsempty
U sdsnewlen
U server
U strlen
参数
目标文件:二进制目标文件,通常是库文件和可执行文件。
显示结果字段按照如下第一行对号入座即可,注意默认格式按照符号地址、符号类型、符号名为一行。没有显示符号大小和符号段:
root@68fc0a9bc6dd:/home/wzm/redis-4.0.2/src# nm notify.o -f sysv
Symbols from notify.o:
Name Value Class Type Size Line Section
__stack_chk_fail | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
createObject | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
createStringObject | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
decrRefCount | | U | NOTYPE| | |*UND*
keyspaceEventsFlagsToString|00000000000000b0| T | FUNC|0000000000000197| |.text
keyspaceEventsStringToFlags|0000000000000000| T | FUNC|00000000000000a6| |.text