超详细的逐句介绍Java高级接口之Date函数源码讲解（全）

一、Date类

Date类主要是为程序提供时间方法以及为程序提供时间戳，由于这里面已经有很多方法已经弃用，因此在源码介绍时，我就不在进行赘述了，下面我们就开始date函数的详细介绍

二、内部函数详细介绍

首先，date类主要继承的接口包括有：java.io.Serializable, Cloneable和 Comparable

public class Date
    implements java.io.Serializable, Cloneable, Comparable<Date>
{
}

下面定义了一些一些基本的函数名称以及相关参数

private static final BaseCalendar gcal =
                                CalendarSystem.getGregorianCalendar();
    private static BaseCalendar jcal;

    private transient long fastTime;
    private transient BaseCalendar.Date cdate;
    private static int defaultCenturyStart;

下面定义了date的通用串行ID

 private static final long serialVersionUID = 7523967970034938905L;

获取当前系统时间

public Date() {
        this(System.currentTimeMillis());
    }

获取指定日期时间

public Date(long date) {
        fastTime = date;
    }

克隆一个对象

 public Object clone() {
        Date d = null;
        try {
            d = (Date)super.clone();
            if (cdate != null) {
                d.cdate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cdate.clone();
            }
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {} // Won't happen
        return d;
    }

建立字符串用于存储与时间相关的字符

private final static String wtb[] = {
        "am", "pm",
        "monday", "tuesday", "wednesday", "thursday", "friday",
        "saturday", "sunday",
        "january", "february", "march", "april", "may", "june",
        "july", "august", "september", "october", "november", "december",
        "gmt", "ut", "utc", "est", "edt", "cst", "cdt",
        "mst", "mdt", "pst", "pdt"
    };

建立一个ttb数组，用于存储时间相关数字

 private final static int ttb[] = {
        14, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
        10000 + 0, 10000 + 0, 10000 + 0,    // GMT/UT/UTC
        10000 + 5 * 60, 10000 + 4 * 60,     // EST/EDT
        10000 + 6 * 60, 10000 + 5 * 60,     // CST/CDT
        10000 + 7 * 60, 10000 + 6 * 60,     // MST/MDT
        10000 + 8 * 60, 10000 + 7 * 60      // PST/PDT
    };

获取时间

 public long getTime() {
        return getTimeImpl();
    }

实现获取时间方法

private final long getTimeImpl() {
        if (cdate != null && !cdate.isNormalized()) {
            normalize();
        }
        return fastTime;
    }

设置时间

public void setTime(long time) {
        fastTime = time;
        cdate = null;
    }

测试此日期是否在指定日期之前。

public boolean before(Date when) {
        return getMillisOf(this) < getMillisOf(when);
    }

测试此日期是否在指定日期之后。

public boolean after(Date when) {
        return getMillisOf(this) > getMillisOf(when);
    }

判断时间是否相等

public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        return obj instanceof Date && getTime() == ((Date) obj).getTime();
    }

返回此 Date 对象的毫秒值，而不影响其内部状态。

static final long getMillisOf(Date date) {
        if (date.cdate == null || date.cdate.isNormalized()) {
            return date.fastTime;
        }
        BaseCalendar.Date d = (BaseCalendar.Date) date.cdate.clone();
        return gcal.getTime(d);
    }

重写compareto方法，用于判断时间是否相等

public int compareTo(Date anotherDate) {
        long thisTime = getMillisOf(this);
        long anotherTime = getMillisOf(anotherDate);
        return (thisTime<anotherTime ? -1 : (thisTime==anotherTime ? 0 : 1));
    }

定义生成哈希值

 public int hashCode() {
        long ht = this.getTime();
        return (int) ht ^ (int) (ht >> 32);
    }

定义生成tostring方法

public String toString() {
        // "EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss zzz yyyy";
        BaseCalendar.Date date = normalize();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(28);
        int index = date.getDayOfWeek();
        if (index == BaseCalendar.SUNDAY) {
            index = 8;
        }
        convertToAbbr(sb, wtb[index]).append(' ');                        // EEE
        convertToAbbr(sb, wtb[date.getMonth() - 1 + 2 + 7]).append(' ');  // MMM
        CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getDayOfMonth(), 2).append(' '); // dd

        CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getHours(), 2).append(':');   // HH
        CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getMinutes(), 2).append(':'); // mm
        CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(sb, date.getSeconds(), 2).append(' '); // ss
        TimeZone zi = date.getZone();
        if (zi != null) {
            sb.append(zi.getDisplayName(date.isDaylightTime(), TimeZone.SHORT, Locale.US)); // zzz
        } else {
            sb.append("GMT");
        }
        sb.append(' ').append(date.getYear());  // yyyy
        return sb.toString();
    }

将给定名称转换为其 3 个字母的缩写（例如，“monday”->“Mon”）并将缩写存储在给定的 StringBuilder 中。

private static final StringBuilder convertToAbbr(StringBuilder sb, String name) {
        sb.append(Character.toUpperCase(name.charAt(0)));
        sb.append(name.charAt(1)).append(name.charAt(2));
        return sb;
    }

定义获取日历时间

private final BaseCalendar.Date getCalendarDate() {
        if (cdate == null) {
            BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(fastTime);
            cdate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.getCalendarDate(fastTime,
                                                            TimeZone.getDefaultRef());
        }
        return cdate;
    }

定义获取标准时间

private final BaseCalendar.Date normalize() {
        if (cdate == null) {
            BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(fastTime);
            cdate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.getCalendarDate(fastTime,
                                                            TimeZone.getDefaultRef());
            return cdate;
        }

        // Normalize cdate with the TimeZone in cdate first. This is
        // required for the compatible behavior.
        if (!cdate.isNormalized()) {
            cdate = normalize(cdate);
        }

        // If the default TimeZone has changed, then recalculate the
        // fields with the new TimeZone.
        TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getDefaultRef();
        if (tz != cdate.getZone()) {
            cdate.setZone(tz);
            CalendarSystem cal = getCalendarSystem(cdate);
            cal.getCalendarDate(fastTime, cdate);
        }
        return cdate;
    }

通过日历时间获取标准化时间

private final BaseCalendar.Date normalize(BaseCalendar.Date date) {
        int y = date.getNormalizedYear();
        int m = date.getMonth();
        int d = date.getDayOfMonth();
        int hh = date.getHours();
        int mm = date.getMinutes();
        int ss = date.getSeconds();
        int ms = date.getMillis();
        TimeZone tz = date.getZone();

        // If the specified year can't be handled using a long value
        // in milliseconds, GregorianCalendar is used for full
        // compatibility with underflow and overflow. This is required
        // by some JCK tests. The limits are based max year values -
        // years that can be represented by max values of d, hh, mm,
        // ss and ms. Also, let GregorianCalendar handle the default
        // cutover year so that we don't need to worry about the
        // transition here.
        if (y == 1582 || y > 280000000 || y < -280000000) {
            if (tz == null) {
                tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT");
            }
            GregorianCalendar gc = new GregorianCalendar(tz);
            gc.clear();
            gc.set(GregorianCalendar.MILLISECOND, ms);
            gc.set(y, m-1, d, hh, mm, ss);
            fastTime = gc.getTimeInMillis();
            BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(fastTime);
            date = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.getCalendarDate(fastTime, tz);
            return date;
        }

        BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(y);
        if (cal != getCalendarSystem(date)) {
            date = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.newCalendarDate(tz);
            date.setNormalizedDate(y, m, d).setTimeOfDay(hh, mm, ss, ms);
        }
        // Perform the GregorianCalendar-style normalization.
        fastTime = cal.getTime(date);

        // In case the normalized date requires the other calendar
        // system, we need to recalculate it using the other one.
        BaseCalendar ncal = getCalendarSystem(fastTime);
        if (ncal != cal) {
            date = (BaseCalendar.Date) ncal.newCalendarDate(tz);
            date.setNormalizedDate(y, m, d).setTimeOfDay(hh, mm, ss, ms);
            fastTime = ncal.getTime(date);
        }
        return date;
    }

获取系统日历时间（年份）

private static final BaseCalendar getCalendarSystem(int year) {
        if (year >= 1582) {
            return gcal;
        }
        return getJulianCalendar();
    }

获取系统日历时间（UTC时间格式）

private static final BaseCalendar getCalendarSystem(long utc) {
        // Quickly check if the time stamp given by `utc' is the Epoch
        // or later. If it's before 1970, we convert the cutover to
        // local time to compare.
        if (utc >= 0
            || utc >= GregorianCalendar.DEFAULT_GREGORIAN_CUTOVER
                        - TimeZone.getDefaultRef().getOffset(utc)) {
            return gcal;
        }
        return getJulianCalendar();
    }

获取系统时间

private static final BaseCalendar getCalendarSystem(BaseCalendar.Date cdate) {
        if (jcal == null) {
            return gcal;
        }
        if (cdate.getEra() != null) {
            return jcal;
        }
        return gcal;
    }

获取julian日历

synchronized private static final BaseCalendar getJulianCalendar() {
        if (jcal == null) {
            jcal = (BaseCalendar) CalendarSystem.forName("julian");
        }
        return jcal;
    }

将此对象的状态保存到流中（即序列化它）。

private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s)
         throws IOException
    {
        s.writeLong(getTimeImpl());
    }

将此对象反序列化输出

private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s)
         throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
    {
        fastTime = s.readLong();
    }

从 Instant 对象获取 Date 的实例。

public static Date from(Instant instant) {
        try {
            return new Date(instant.toEpochMilli());
        } catch (ArithmeticException ex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ex);
        }
    }

将此 Date 对象转换为 Instant。

public Instant toInstant() {
        return Instant.ofEpochMilli(getTime());
    }