一、BufferedReader和BufferedWriter函数
BufferedReader函数主要实现从字符输入流中读取文本，缓冲字符以提供对字符、数组和行的有效读取。可以指定缓冲区大小，也可以使用默认大小。 对于大多数用途，默认值足够大。
BufferedWriter主要实现将文本写入字符输出流，缓冲字符以提供单个字符、数组和字符串的高效写入。可以指定缓冲区大小，也可以接受默认大小。 对于大多数用途，默认值足够大。
下面我将从源码的角度来详细介绍这两个函数。
二、BufferedReader源码介绍
BufferedReader是继承于Reader的。
public class BufferedReader extends Reader {
下面定义了一个读入属性
private Reader in;
下面定义了一个char数组
private char cb[];
定义char数组的后继节点
private int nChars, nextChar;
定义一些标志字段，及其特殊赋值
private static final int INVALIDATED = -2;
private static final int UNMARKED = -1;
private int markedChar = UNMARKED;
private int readAheadLimit = 0;
下面标志符用于判断字段是否是换行符，默认，false
private boolean skipLF = false;
下面字段用于判断是否换行
private boolean markedSkipLF = false;
下面定义了缓冲池默认字符数和行数，默认字符数为8k，行数80行
private static int defaultCharBufferSize = 8192;
private static int defaultExpectedLineLength = 80;
创建一个使用指定大小的输入缓冲区的缓冲字符输入流。
public BufferedReader(Reader in, int sz) {
super(in);
if (sz <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Buffer size <= 0");
this.in = in;
cb = new char[sz];
nextChar = nChars = 0;
}
创建一个默认的缓冲读者
public BufferedReader(Reader in) {
this(in, defaultCharBufferSize);
}
检查以确保流尚未关闭
private void ensureOpen() throws IOException {
if (in == null)
throw new IOException("Stream closed");
}
下面函数用于判断缓冲区是否被填满
private void fill() throws IOException {
int dst;
if (markedChar <= UNMARKED) {
/* No mark */
dst = 0;
} else {
/* Marked */
int delta = nextChar - markedChar;
if (delta >= readAheadLimit) {
/* Gone past read-ahead limit: Invalidate mark */
markedChar = INVALIDATED;
readAheadLimit = 0;
dst = 0;
} else {
if (readAheadLimit <= cb.length) {
/* Shuffle in the current buffer */
System.arraycopy(cb, markedChar, cb, 0, delta);
markedChar = 0;
dst = delta;
} else {
/* Reallocate buffer to accommodate read-ahead limit */
char ncb[] = new char[readAheadLimit];
System.arraycopy(cb, markedChar, ncb, 0, delta);
cb = ncb;
markedChar = 0;
dst = delta;
}
nextChar = nChars = delta;
}
}
int n;
do {
n = in.read(cb, dst, cb.length - dst);
} while (n == 0);
if (n > 0) {
nChars = dst + n;
nextChar = dst;
}
}
下面定义了读取一个字符的函数
public int read() throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
for (;;) {
if (nextChar >= nChars) {
fill();
if (nextChar >= nChars)
return -1;
}
if (skipLF) {
skipLF = false;
if (cb[nextChar] == '\n') {
nextChar++;
continue;
}
}
return cb[nextChar++];
}
}
}
下面函数用于读取字符数组的某一部分
private int read1(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
if (nextChar >= nChars) {
/* If the requested length is at least as large as the buffer, and
if there is no mark/reset activity, and if line feeds are not
being skipped, do not bother to copy the characters into the
local buffer. In this way buffered streams will cascade
harmlessly. */
if (len >= cb.length && markedChar <= UNMARKED && !skipLF) {
return in.read(cbuf, off, len);
}
fill();
}
if (nextChar >= nChars) return -1;
if (skipLF) {
skipLF = false;
if (cb[nextChar] == '\n') {
nextChar++;
if (nextChar >= nChars)
fill();
if (nextChar >= nChars)
return -1;
}
}
int n = Math.min(len, nChars - nextChar);
System.arraycopy(cb, nextChar, cbuf, off, n);
nextChar += n;
return n;
}
下面函数确保更安全的读取某一字符数组的子集
public int read(char cbuf[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
if ((off < 0) || (off > cbuf.length) || (len < 0) ||
((off + len) > cbuf.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
} else if (len == 0) {
return 0;
}
int n = read1(cbuf, off, len);
if (n <= 0) return n;
while ((n < len) && in.ready()) {
int n1 = read1(cbuf, off + n, len - n);
if (n1 <= 0) break;
n += n1;
}
return n;
}
}
下面函数实现读取一行元素
String readLine(boolean ignoreLF) throws IOException {
StringBuffer s = null;
int startChar;
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
boolean omitLF = ignoreLF || skipLF;
bufferLoop:
for (;;) {
if (nextChar >= nChars)
fill();
if (nextChar >= nChars) { /* EOF */
if (s != null && s.length() > 0)
return s.toString();
else
return null;
}
boolean eol = false;
char c = 0;
int i;
/* Skip a leftover '\n', if necessary */
if (omitLF && (cb[nextChar] == '\n'))
nextChar++;
skipLF = false;
omitLF = false;
charLoop:
for (i = nextChar; i < nChars; i++) {
c = cb[i];
if ((c == '\n') || (c == '\r')) {
eol = true;
break charLoop;
}
}
startChar = nextChar;
nextChar = i;
if (eol) {
String str;
if (s == null) {
str = new String(cb, startChar, i - startChar);
} else {
s.append(cb, startChar, i - startChar);
str = s.toString();
}
nextChar++;
if (c == '\r') {
skipLF = true;
}
return str;
}
if (s == null)
s = new StringBuffer(defaultExpectedLineLength);
s.append(cb, startChar, i - startChar);
}
}
}
读取一行元素
public String readLine() throws IOException {
return readLine(false);
}
跳过字符
public long skip(long n) throws IOException {
if (n < 0L) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("skip value is negative");
}
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
long r = n;
while (r > 0) {
if (nextChar >= nChars)
fill();
if (nextChar >= nChars) /* EOF */
break;
if (skipLF) {
skipLF = false;
if (cb[nextChar] == '\n') {
nextChar++;
}
}
long d = nChars - nextChar;
if (r <= d) {
nextChar += r;
r = 0;
break;
}
else {
r -= d;
nextChar = nChars;
}
}
return n - r;
}
}
判断文件读取是否准备好了
public boolean ready() throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
/*
* If newline needs to be skipped and the next char to be read
* is a newline character, then just skip it right away.
*/
if (skipLF) {
/* Note that in.ready() will return true if and only if the next
* read on the stream will not block.
*/
if (nextChar >= nChars && in.ready()) {
fill();
}
if (nextChar < nChars) {
if (cb[nextChar] == '\n')
nextChar++;
skipLF = false;
}
}
return (nextChar < nChars) || in.ready();
}
}
下面定义了是否支持标记的方法
public boolean markSupported() {
return true;
}
下面定义了标记位
public void mark(int readAheadLimit) throws IOException {
if (readAheadLimit < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Read-ahead limit < 0");
}
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
this.readAheadLimit = readAheadLimit;
markedChar = nextChar;
markedSkipLF = skipLF;
}
}
下面函数定义了重置的方法
public void reset() throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
if (markedChar < 0)
throw new IOException((markedChar == INVALIDATED)
? "Mark invalid"
: "Stream not marked");
nextChar = markedChar;
skipLF = markedSkipLF;
}
}
下面函数定义了缓冲流的关闭
public void close() throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
if (in == null)
return;
try {
in.close();
} finally {
in = null;
cb = null;
}
}
}
返回一个 Stream，其元素是从此 BufferedReader 读取的行。
public Stream<String> lines() {
Iterator<String> iter = new Iterator<String>() {
String nextLine = null;
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if (nextLine != null) {
return true;
} else {
try {
nextLine = readLine();
return (nextLine != null);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
}
}
}
@Override
public String next() {
if (nextLine != null || hasNext()) {
String line = nextLine;
nextLine = null;
return line;
} else {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
}
};
return StreamSupport.stream(Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(
iter, Spliterator.ORDERED | Spliterator.NONNULL), false);
}
三、BufferedWriter函数源码介绍
BufferedWriter继承于Writer类
public class BufferedWriter extends Writer {
}
定义一个输出标准位
private Writer out;
下面定义char数组及其后继标志位
private char cb[];
private int nChars, nextChar;
定义了一个默认的缓冲区长度为8k
private static int defaultCharBufferSize = 8192;
下面定义了一个行分隔符属性
private String lineSeparator;
创建一个使用默认大小的输出缓冲区的缓冲字符输出流。
public BufferedWriter(Writer out) {
this(out, defaultCharBufferSize);
}
创建一个缓冲区读者
public BufferedWriter(Writer out, int sz) {
super(out);
if (sz <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Buffer size <= 0");
this.out = out;
cb = new char[sz];
nChars = sz;
nextChar = 0;
lineSeparator = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction("line.separator"));
}
用于确保文件打开
private void ensureOpen() throws IOException {
if (out == null)
throw new IOException("Stream closed");
}
定义缓冲区刷新
void flushBuffer() throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
if (nextChar == 0)
return;
out.write(cb, 0, nextChar);
nextChar = 0;
}
}
写入一个单字节
public void write(int c) throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
if (nextChar >= nChars)
flushBuffer();
cb[nextChar++] = (char) c;
}
}
取最小值
private int min(int a, int b) {
if (a < b) return a;
return b;
}
读取char数组的子集
public void write(char cbuf[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
if ((off < 0) || (off > cbuf.length) || (len < 0) ||
((off + len) > cbuf.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
} else if (len == 0) {
return;
}
if (len >= nChars) {
/* If the request length exceeds the size of the output buffer,
flush the buffer and then write the data directly. In this
way buffered streams will cascade harmlessly. */
flushBuffer();
out.write(cbuf, off, len);
return;
}
int b = off, t = off + len;
while (b < t) {
int d = min(nChars - nextChar, t - b);
System.arraycopy(cbuf, b, cb, nextChar, d);
b += d;
nextChar += d;
if (nextChar >= nChars)
flushBuffer();
}
}
}
安全的写char数组
public void write(String s, int off, int len) throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
int b = off, t = off + len;
while (b < t) {
int d = min(nChars - nextChar, t - b);
s.getChars(b, b + d, cb, nextChar);
b += d;
nextChar += d;
if (nextChar >= nChars)
flushBuffer();
}
}
}
新建一行
public void newLine() throws IOException {
write(lineSeparator);
}
定义刷新函数
public void flush() throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
flushBuffer();
out.flush();
}
}
定义缓冲区写入流函数
public void close() throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
if (out == null) {
return;
}
try (Writer w = out) {
flushBuffer();
} finally {
out = null;
cb = null;
}
}
}
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