#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//交换两个整型
void swapInt(int &a,int &b)
{
int temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
//交换两个浮点型
void swapDouble(double &a,double &b)
{
double temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
//函数模板
template<typename T>
void mySwap(T &a,T &b)
{
T temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
void test()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
//swapInt(a,b);
//两种方法使用函数模板
//1.自动类型推导
mySwap(a,b);
//2.显示指定类型
mySwap<int>(a,b);
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
cout << "b = " << b << endl;
double c = 1.1;
double d = 2.2;
swapDouble(c,d);
cout << "c = " << c << endl;
cout << "d = " << d << endl;
}
int main()
{
test();
return 0;
}
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//函数模板注意事项
//1.自动类型推导,必须推导出一致的数据类型T才可以使用
template<class T>
void mySwap(T &a,T &b)
{
T temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
//2.模板必须要确定出数据T的类型,才可以使用
template<class T>
void func()
{
cout << "func函数调用" << endl;
}
void test()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
char c = 'c';
//mySwap(a,c); 错误 推到不出一致的T类型
mySwap(a,b);
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
cout << "b = " << b << endl;
}
int main()
{
test();
func<int>();
return 0;
}
数组排序
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
void mySwap(T &a,T &b)
{
T temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
template<class T>
void mySort(T arr[],int len)
{
for(int i = 0;i < len;i++)
{
int max = i;
for(int j = i+1;j < len;j++)
{
if(arr[max] < arr[j])
{
max = j;
}
}
if(max != i)
{
mySwap(arr[max],arr[i]);
}
}
}
template<class T>
void printArray(T arr[],int len)
{
for(int i = 0;i < len ;i++)
{
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test()
{
char charArr[] = "bhsdjhj";
int num = sizeof(charArr) / sizeof(char);
mySort(charArr,num);
printArray(charArr,num);
}
int main()
{
test();
int intArr[] = {3,5,6,1,2,8,9,33,23,22};
int num = sizeof(intArr)/sizeof(int);
mySort(intArr,num);
printArray(intArr,num);
return 0;
}
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//1.普通函数调用可以发生隐式类型转换
//2.函数模板 用自动类型推导,不可以发生隐式类型转换
//3.函数模板 用显式指定类型,可以发生隐式类型转换
//普通函数
int myAdd1(int a,int b)
{
return a+b;
}
//函数模板
template<class T>
T myAdd2(T a,T b)
{
return a+b;
}
void test1()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
char c = 'c';
cout << myAdd1(a,c) << endl;
//自动类型推导 不会发生隐式类型转换
//cout << myAdd2(a,c) << endl; 错误
//显式指定类型
cout << myAdd2<int>(a,c) << endl;
}
int main()
{
test1();
return 0;
}
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//普通函数与函数模板的调用规则
//1.如果函数模板和普通函数都可以调用,优先调用普通函数
//2.可以通过空模板参数列表 强制调用函数模板
//3.函数模板可以发生函数重载
//4.如果函数模板可以产生更好的匹配,优先调用函数模板
void myPrint(int a,int b)
{
cout << "putonghanshu" << endl;
}
template<class T>
void myPrint(T a, T b)
{
cout << "hanshumoban" << endl;
}
template<class T>
void myPrint(T a, T b,T c)
{
cout << "chongzaihanshumoban" << endl;
}
void test()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
//myPrint(a,b);
//空模板参数列表
myPrint<>(a,b);
myPrint<>(a,b,100);
char c = 'c';
char d = 'd';
myPrint(c,d);
}
int main()
{
test();
return 0;
}
模板不是万能的
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//对比两个数据是否相等
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name,int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
template<class T>
bool myCompare(T &a,T &b)
{
if(a == b)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
//利用具体化Person的版本
template<> bool myCompare(Person &p1,Person &p2)
{
if(p1.m_Name == p2.m_Name && p1.m_Age == p2.m_Age)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
void test1()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
bool ret = myCompare(a,b);
if(ret)
{
cout << "a == b" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "a != b" << endl;
}
}
void test2()
{
Person p1("Tom",10);
Person p2("Tom",10);
bool ret = myCompare(p1,p2);
if(ret)
{
cout << "p1 == p2" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "p1 != p2" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test1();
test2();
return 0;
}
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//类模板
template<class NameType,class AgeType>
class Person
{
public:
Person(NameType name,AgeType age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
void showPerson()
{
cout << "name: " << this->m_Name << " " << "age: " << this->m_Age << endl;
}
NameType m_Name;
AgeType m_Age;
};
void test()
{
Person<string,int> p1("Tom",999);
p1.showPerson();
}
int main()
{
test();
return 0;
}
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//类模板与函数模板的区别
template<class NameType,class AgeType = int>
class Person
{
public:
Person(NameType name,AgeType age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
void showPerson()
{
cout << "name: " << this->m_Name << " " << "age: " << this->m_Age << endl;
}
NameType m_Name;
AgeType m_Age;
};
//1.类模板没有自动类型推导使用方式
//2.类模板在模板参数列表中可以有默认参数
void test()
{
Person<string,int> p1("Tom",999);
p1.showPerson();
Person<string> p2("Jerry",9999);
p2.showPerson();
}
int main()
{
test();
return 0;
}
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class Person1
{
public:
void showPerson1()
{
cout << "Person1 show" << endl;
}
};
class Person2
{
public:
void showPerson2()
{
cout << "Person2 show" << endl;
}
};
template<class T>
class MyClass
{
public:
T obj;
void func1()
{
obj.showPerson1();
}
void func2()
{
obj.showPerson2();
}
};
int main()
{
MyClass<Person1> m;
m.func1();
//m.func2(); 出错
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
//类模板对象做函数参数
template<class T1,class T2>
class Person
{
public:
Person(T1 name, T2 age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
void showPerson()
{
cout << "姓名:" << this->m_Name << " " << "年龄:" << this->m_Age << endl;
}
T1 m_Name;
T2 m_Age;
};
//1.指定传入类型
void printPerson1(Person<string, int>&p)
{
p.showPerson();
}
void test1()
{
Person<string, int>p("孙悟空", 100);
printPerson1(p);
}
//2.参数模板化
template<class T1,class T2>
void printPerson2(Person<T1, T2>&p)
{
p.showPerson();
cout << "T1的类型为:" << typeid(T1).name() << endl;
}
void test2()
{
Person<string, int>p("猪八戒", 90);
printPerson2(p);
}
//3.整个类模板化
template<class T>
void printPerson3(T& p)
{
p.showPerson();
}
void test3()
{
Person<string, int>p("唐僧", 30);
printPerson3(p);
}
int main()
{
test1();
test2();
test3();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
//类模板与继承
template<class T>
class Base
{
T m;
};
class Son : public Base<int>
{
};
void test()
{
Son s1;
}
//如果想灵活指定父类中T类型,子类也需要变类模板
template<class T1,class T2>
class Son2 : public Base<T2>
{
public:
Son2()
{
cout << "T1的类型为:" << typeid(T1).name() << endl;
cout << "T2的类型为:" << typeid(T2).name() << endl;
}
T1 obj;
};
void test2()
{
Son2<int, char> S2;
}
int main()
{
test();
test2();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
template<class T1,class T2>
class Person
{
public:
Person(T1 name, T2 age);
/*{
this->m_Age = age;
this->m_Name = name;
}*/
void showPerson();
/*{
cout << "姓名是:" << this -> m_Name << " " << "年龄是:" << this -> m_Age << endl;
}*/
T1 m_Name;
T2 m_Age;
};
//构造函数的类外实现
template<class T1,class T2>
Person<T1, T2>::Person(T1 name, T2 age)
{
this->m_Age = age;
this->m_Name = name;
}
//成员函数的类外实现
template<class T1, class T2>
void Person<T1, T2>::showPerson()
{
cout << "姓名是:" << this -> m_Name << " " << "年龄是:" << this -> m_Age << endl;
}
int main()
{
Person<string, int> p("TOM", 20);
p.showPerson();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
//通过全局函数打印Person信息
template<class T1,class T2>
class Person;
//类外实现
template<class T1, class T2>
void printPerson2(Person<T1, T2> p)
{
cout << "类外实现——姓名是:" << p.m_Name << " " << "年龄是:" << p.m_Age << endl;
}
template<class T1,class T2>
class Person
{
//全局函数 类内实现
friend void printPerson(Person<T1, T2> p)
{
cout << "姓名是:" << p.m_Name << " " << "年龄是:" << p.m_Age << endl;
}
//全局函数 类外实现
friend printPerson2<>(Person<T1, T2> p);
public:
Person(T1 name, T2 age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
}
private:
T1 m_Name;
T2 m_Age;
};
//1.全局函数在类内实现
void test1()
{
Person<string, int>p("Tom", 20);
printPerson(p);
}
//2.全局函数在类外实现
void test2()
{
Person<string, int>p("Jerry", 20);
printPerson2(p);
}
int main()
{
//test1();
test2();
return 0;
}