Redis

Redis的概念

Redis（Remote Dictionary Server )，即远程字典服务，是一个开源的使用ANSI C语言编写、支持网络、可基于内存亦可持久化的日志型、Key-Value数据库，并提供多种语言的API。

redis是一个将数据存储在内存中的非关系型数据库。它存储值的形式以键值的形式存储。

Redis的数据结构

存储形式：Key-Value

Key:都是字符串

value：
1.字符串类型string
2.哈希类型hash
3.列表类型list
4.集合类型set
5.有序集合类型sortedset

Redis的命令

• 字符串
  1.set key value
  2.get key
  3.del key

• 哈希
  1.hset key field value
  2.hget key field
  3.hgetall
  4.hdel key field

• 列表
  1.lpush key value
  2.rpush key value
  3.lrange key start end
  4.lpop key
  5.rpop key

• 集合
  1.sadd key value
  2.smembers key
  3.srem key value

• 有序集合
  1.zadd key score value
  2.zrange key start end (with scores)
  3.zrem key value

• 通用命令
  1.keys *
  2.type [key]
  3.del key

Redis的持久化

redis是一个内存数据库，当redis服务器重启，数据会丢失。我们可以将redis内存中的数据持久化保存到硬盘中。下面说一下持久化的机制。

持久化有两种机制。即ROB和AOF。

1.RDB：默认方式，不需要进行配置，默认就使用机制。在一定的时间间隔中，检测key的变化，然后持久化数据。
以windows为例。
在redis.windows.conf文件中的配置。

#   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
#   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
#   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
#   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
#
#   Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.
#
#   It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
#   points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
#   like in the following example:
#
#   save ""

save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000

图中的注释部分说的很明确。目前的配置是900s至少一个key的value改变，300秒至少10个key的value改变，60s至少10000个key的value改变，就会进行一次持久化。会生成一个后缀是.rdb的文件来储存数据。

需注意的是，配置之后如果需要进行持久化，启动redis服务器的时候需要以redis.windows.conf的形式启动。
在cmd命令启动。

redis-server.exe redis.windows.conf

2.AOF:日志记录的方式，可以记录每一条命令的操作。可以在每次的操作后，持久化数据。
同样在redis.windows.conf配置文件中。

# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.

appendonly no

# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#

把appendonly no改为appendonly yes即可开启AOF的持久化。会生成一个以.aof为后缀的文件来储存数据。
需要注意上面的开关配置。

# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.

no：不进行持久化
always：每一次操作都进行持久化
everysec：每隔一秒都进行持久化

把对应的开关开启即可。（去掉前面的#注释符）

总结redis持久化
RDB：性能好，容易丢数据。
AOF：性能不好，不容易丢数据。

Jedis的概念

jedis是一款java操作redis的数据库工具。
在java使用时添加相应的jar包即可。

一般jedis操作redis的步骤：
1.获取连接

Jedis jedis = new jedis("localhost",port);

2.操作数据库
相关的操作方法可以查看相应的api。
3.关闭连接

jedis，close();