2、Eureka+Ribbon+RestTemplate案例

Eureka注册中心

服务名：cloud-eureka-server-7001

注册中心的jar包是：spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server 注册中心端口号：7001

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!--继承父工程-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.mxd</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloud-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.mxd</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-eureka-server-7001</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>cloud-eureka-server-7001</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <dependencies>
        <!--eureka server-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--my commons-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mxd</groupId>
            <artifactId>my-cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--boot web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--boot actuator-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--devtools-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--boot test-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 7001

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false # 不向注册中心注册自己
    fetch-registry: false       # 自己就是注册中心，不需要检索服务
    service-url:
      defaultZone: hhtp://localhost:7001/eureka/ #注册地址
  server:
    enable-self-preservation: false #关闭自我保护机制
    eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 2000 #2000ms

启动类

@EnableEurekaServer 开启eureka，使其作为注册中心

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerMain7001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerMain7001.class, args);
    }
}

服务提供者1

服务名：cloud-eureka-client-provider-8001

eureka客户端jar包：spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client，这个包本身包含了Ribbon依赖

端口：8001

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!--继承父工程-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.mxd</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloud-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.mxd</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-eureka-client-provider-8001</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>cloud-eureka-client-provider-8001</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-provider-service

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/ #注册地址

启动类

@EnableEurekaClient 开启eureka-client

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ProviderMain8001 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderMain8001.class, args);
    }
}

Controller

模拟业务层，作为消费者

@RestController
public class ProviderController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;
    // 我们这里简单打印此消费者的端口号
    @GetMapping("/provider/get/{id}")
    public String provider(@PathVariable("id") int id){
        return "服务提供者-----port:" + serverPort + " 被调用了";
    }
}

服务提供者2

服务名：服务名：cloud-eureka-client-provider-8002

端口号：8002

其他配置与 服务提供者1没有什么区别

消费者

服务名：cloud-eureka-consumer-ribbon-9001

主要jar包：spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client、spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon

端口号：9001

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!--继承父工程-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.mxd</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloud-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.mxd</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-eureka-consumer-ribbon-9001</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>cloud-eureka-consumer-ribbon-9001</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--ribbon-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 9001
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-consumer-service-ribbon

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/ #注册地址

启动类

开启EurekaClient、同时注入用于服务调用的restTemplate

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ConsumerMain9001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerMain9001.class, args);
    }
    
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced // 赋予RestTemplate负载均衡的能力
    RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

配置轮询规则

@Configuration
public class MySelfRule {
    @Bean
    public IRule rule(){
        // 轮询改为随机
        return new RandomRule();
    }
}

Controller

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
    // 调用的服务
    private String PROVIDER_SERVICE_NAME = "eureka-provider-service";
    
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
    @GetMapping("/consumer/provider/get/{id}")
    public String consumer(@PathVariable("id") int id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://" + PROVIDER_SERVICE_NAME + "/provider/get/"+id , String.class);
    }
}

项目结构

测试

开启这四个微服务

查看注册中心 http://localhost:7001/ ，可以看到两个服务：

EUREKA-CONSUMER-SERVICE-RIBBON ：该消费者服务只有9001

EUREKA-PROVIDER-SERVICE： 8001、8002

多次请求 http://localhost:9001/consumer/provider/get/1 我们发现端口号在变化，所以我们达到了“负载均衡”的效果

补充：

• RandomRule：随机策略

• RoundRobinRule：轮询策略（默认策略）

• RetryRule：重试策略

• BestAvailableRule：最低并发策略

• AvailabilityFilteringRule：可用过滤策略，过滤掉那些因为一直连接失败的被标记为circuittripped的后端server，并过滤掉那些高并发的的后端server（active connections 超过配置的阈值）性能仅次于最低并发策略。

• WeightedResponseTimeRule：响应时间加权策略，每隔30秒计算一次服务器响应时间，以响应时间作为权重，响应时间越短的服务器被选中的概率越大。

• ZoneAvoidanceRule：区域权衡策略，Ribbon的负载均衡策略使用建议，一般情况下，推荐使用最低并发策略，这个性能比默认的轮询策略高很多。