Spring Cloud 学习（四）：Ribbon负载均衡、Feign负载均衡（有项目示例）

一、Ribbon简介

ribbon是什么?

• SpringCloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端负载均衡的工具。
• 简单的说，Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目，主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法，将NetFlix的中间层服务连接在一起。Ribbon的客户端组件提供一系列完整的配置项如：连接超时、重试等等。简单的说，就是在配置文件中列出LoadBalancer(简称LB：负载均衡）后面所有的机器，Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则（如简单轮询，随机连接等等）去连接这些机器。我们也很容易使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法！

二、Ribbon负载均衡

1、在客户端(消费者) 导入依赖

        <!-- ribbon -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- eureka -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

2、配置

server:
  port: 8083

# eureka 配置
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false  # 不向eureka注册自己
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/

3、在启动类加入注解

@EnableEurekaClient

4、修改DeptConsumerController

5、新建数据库

/*
 Navicat Premium Data Transfer

 Source Server         : localhost本地
 Source Server Type    : MySQL
 Source Server Version : 50719
 Source Host           : localhost:3306
 Source Schema         : db01

 Target Server Type    : MySQL
 Target Server Version : 50719
 File Encoding         : 65001

 Date: 29/01/2021 18:11:41
*/

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for dept
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dept`;
CREATE TABLE `dept`  (
  `deptno` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `dname` varchar(60) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `db_source` varchar(60) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`deptno`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 6 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '部门表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of dept
-- ----------------------------
insert into dept (dname, db_source) values ('开发部',DATABASE());
insert into dept (dname, db_source) values ('人事部',DATABASE());
insert into dept (dname, db_source) values ('市场部',DATABASE());
insert into dept (dname, db_source) values ('运维部',DATABASE());
insert into dept (dname, db_source) values ('财务部',DATABASE());

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

6、新增两个子模块

7、把8001拷贝到8002和8003

1）pom.xml
2）配置

8、测试

依次启动

访问：http://localhost:7001/

第一次访问：http://localhost:8083/consumer/dept/list

第二次访问：http://localhost:8083/consumer/dept/list

第三次访问：http://localhost:8083/consumer/dept/list

这样，就实现了轮询负载均衡。

三、Feign简介

四、Feign负载均衡

1、新建子模块 springcloud-consumer-dept-feign

把子模块 springcloud-consumer-dept-80 完全复制一份到feign子模块中。

2、在feign模块和api中导入feign依赖

        <!-- feign -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

3、在api模块添加service

import com.xiaol.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;

import java.util.List;

@Component
@FeignClient(value ="SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-DEPT")  //这里的value对应注册中心的资源名
public interface DeptClientService {

    @GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept queryById(@PathVariable("id")Long id);

    @GetMapping("/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> queryA11();

    @PostMapping("/dept/add")
    public Boolean addDept(Dept dept);
}

4、DeptConsumerController

import com.xiaol.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import com.xiaol.springcloud.service.DeptClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    private DeptClientService service = null;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept){
        return this.service.addDept(dept);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id")Long id) {
        return this.service.queryById(id);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> list() {
        return this.service.queryA11();
    }

}

5、在启动类DeptConsumer_feign开启feign

@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = {“com.xiaol.springcloud”})
@ComponentScan(“com.xiaol.springcloud”)

6、测试

依次启动

第一次访问：http://localhost:8083/consumer/dept/list

第二次访问：http://localhost:8083/consumer/dept/list

同样，可以实现负载均衡。

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