ConcurrentModificationException异常

ConcurrentModificationException异常

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ArrayList集合是不安全的，将list集合的add操作放到线程中，结果报ConcurrentModificationException异常（并发修改异常）

public class ListTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 1; i <=10; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
               list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,6));
                System.out.println(list);
            }，String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

[436b52, 74be44, 9a6f28, 573ffb]
[436b52, 74be44, 9a6f28, 573ffb, fecd9b, 996b0f, 48ea29]
[436b52, 74be44, 9a6f28, 573ffb, fecd9b, 996b0f, 48ea29, 55e242]
[436b52, 74be44, 9a6f28, 573ffb, fecd9b, 996b0f]
[436b52, 74be44, 9a6f28, 573ffb, fecd9b]
[436b52, 74be44, 9a6f28, 573ffb, fecd9b, 996b0f, 48ea29, 55e242, b98eb6, d8d63d]
[436b52, 74be44, 9a6f28, 573ffb, fecd9b, 996b0f, 48ea29, 55e242, b98eb6]
Exception in thread "2" Exception in thread "3" Exception in thread "1" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
	at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:911)
	at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList.java:861)
	at java.util.AbstractCollection.toString(AbstractCollection.java:461)
	at java.lang.String.valueOf(String.java:2994)
	at java.io.PrintStream.println(PrintStream.java:821)
	at com.lfl.juc.collection.ListTest.lambda$main$0(ListTest.java:30)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

解决方案一

将ArrayList换成Vector

List<String> list = new Vector<String>();

解决方案二

使用Collections提供的方法，将ArrayList转为安全的

List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());

解决方案三

使用JUC中的CopyOnWriteArrayList

List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

CopyOnWriteArrayList底层

    //创建一个空列表
    public CopyOnWriteArrayList() {
        setArray(new Object[0]);
    }

setArray方法

	//创建了一个数组
    final void setArray(Object[] a) {
        array = a;
    }

数组由volatile修饰

private transient volatile Object[] array;

CopyOnWriteArrayList的add方法，其中用到了写入时复制的策略，另外，加锁的方式与Vector不同，Vector使用的是Synchronized关键字，而CopyOnWriteArrayList使用的是lock锁，所以CopyOnWriteArrayList的性能要好于Vector

    public boolean add(E e) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        //加锁
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] elements = getArray();
            int len = elements.length;
            Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
            newElements[len] = e;
            setArray(newElements);
            return true;
        } finally {
        //释放锁
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }