【jvm jdk】 jmap命令使用说明

openjdk 1.8

1.命令预览

jmap（Memory Map for Java）命令用于生成堆转储快照（一般称为heapdump或dump文件）。

如果不使用jmap命令，要想获取Java堆转储快照也还有一些比较“暴力”的手段：譬如在第2章中用过的-XX：+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError参数，可以让虚拟机在内存溢出异常出现之后自动生成堆转储快照文件，通过-XX：+HeapDumpOnCtrlBreak参数则可以使用[Ctrl]+[Break]键让虚拟机生成堆转储快照文件，又或者在Linux系统下通过Kill-3命令发送进程退出信号“恐吓”一下虚拟机，也能顺利拿到堆转储快照。

jmap的作用并不仅仅是为了获取堆转储快照，它还可以查询finalize执行队列、Java堆和方法区的详细信息，如空间使用率、当前用的是哪种收集器等。

和jinfo命令一样，jmap有部分功能在Windows平台下是受限的，除了生成堆转储快照的-dump选项和用于查看每个类的实例、空间占用统计的-histo选项在所有操作系统中都可以使用之外，其余选项都只能在Linux/Solaris中使用。

./jmap -help 查看命令语法：

/zxjdk-8u212-linux-x64/bin # ./jmap -help
Usage:
    jmap [option] <pid>
        (to connect to running process)
    jmap [option] <executable <core>
        (to connect to a core file)
    jmap [option] [server_id@]<remote server IP or hostname>
        (to connect to remote debug server)

where <option> is one of:
    <none>               to print same info as Solaris pmap
    -heap                to print java heap summary
    -histo[:live]        to print histogram of java object heap; if the "live"
                         suboption is specified, only count live objects
    -clstats             to print class loader statistics
    -finalizerinfo       to print information on objects awaiting finalization
    -dump:<dump-options> to dump java heap in hprof binary format
                         dump-options:
                           live         dump only live objects; if not specified,
                                        all objects in the heap are dumped.
                           format=b     binary format
                           file=<file>  dump heap to <file>
                         Example: jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=heap.bin <pid>
    -F                   force. Use with -dump:<dump-options> <pid> or -histo
                         to force a heap dump or histogram when <pid> does not
                         respond. The "live" suboption is not supported
                         in this mode.
    -h | -help           to print this help message
    -J<flag>             to pass <flag> directly to the runtime system

2.jmap -heap [pid]

查看堆信息

/zxjdk-8u212-linux-x64/bin # ./jmap -heap 466
Attaching to process ID 466, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Server compiler detected.
JVM version is 25.212-b04

using thread-local object allocation.
Parallel GC with 4 thread(s)

Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio         = 0
   MaxHeapFreeRatio         = 100
   MaxHeapSize              = 1799356416 (1716.0MB)
   NewSize                  = 149946368 (143.0MB)
   MaxNewSize               = 599785472 (572.0MB)
   OldSize                  = 300941312 (287.0MB)
   NewRatio                 = 2
   SurvivorRatio            = 8
   MetaspaceSize            = 21807104 (20.796875MB)
   CompressedClassSpaceSize = 1073741824 (1024.0MB)
   MaxMetaspaceSize         = 17592186044415 MB
   G1HeapRegionSize         = 0 (0.0MB)

Heap Usage:
PS Young Generation
Eden Space:
   capacity = 516947968 (493.0MB)
   used     = 198541616 (189.3440399169922MB)
   free     = 318406352 (303.6559600830078MB)
   38.40649896896393% used
From Space:
   capacity = 38273024 (36.5MB)
   used     = 37448744 (35.713905334472656MB)
   free     = 824280 (0.7860946655273438MB)
   97.84631598485659% used
To Space:
   capacity = 42467328 (40.5MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 42467328 (40.5MB)
   0.0% used
PS Old Generation
   capacity = 344457216 (328.5MB)
   used     = 45055032 (42.96782684326172MB)
   free     = 299402184 (285.5321731567383MB)
   13.080008171464755% used

24269 interned Strings occupying 2341528 bytes.

3 jmap -histo [pid]

打印实例对象

-histo[:live] ，其中 live可选，仅打印活着对象，会触发gc

/zxjdk-8u212-linux-x64/bin # ./jmap -histo 466

 num     #instances         #bytes  class name
----------------------------------------------
   1:       1304342       81119512  [C
   2:        186490       72774112  [I
   3:        479076       72164712  [B
   4:        890482       21371568  java.lang.String
   5:        357231       18005072  [Ljava.lang.Object;
   6:        504966       12119184  org.apache.kafka.common.internals.PartitionStates$PartitionState
   7:        254837        8154784  java.util.HashMap$Node
   8:        149497        7175856  java.util.HashMap

4 jmap -dump

jmap -dump:file=2019-1112-2024.dump pid
文件后缀jump或hprof好像没区别，MemoryAnalyzer均能识别

/zxjdk-8u212-linux-x64/bin # ls
2019-1112-2024.dump         

多个条件需要用逗号拼接，如只打印存活对象：

jmap -dump:live,file=2019-1112-2024.dump pid

也可以设置内存溢出自动导出dump文件(内存很大的时候，可能会导不出来)

1. -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
2. -XX:HeapDumpPath=./ （路径）