C/C++ 高精度整数模板

摘自《王道机试指南》

const int MAXN = 10000;

struct BigInteger {
	int digit[MAXN];					//高位在数组高下标即：个->十->百->千->万
	int length;

	BigInteger();
	BigInteger(int x);
	BigInteger(string str);
	BigInteger(const BigInteger& b);
	BigInteger operator=(int x);
	BigInteger operator=(string str);
	BigInteger operator=(const BigInteger& b);
	bool operator<=(const BigInteger& b);
	bool operator==(const BigInteger& b);

	BigInteger operator+(const BigInteger& b);
	BigInteger operator-(const BigInteger& b);
	BigInteger operator*(const BigInteger& b);
	BigInteger operator/(const BigInteger& b);
	BigInteger operator%(const BigInteger& b);

	friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, BigInteger& x);
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const BigInteger& x);

};

istream& operator>>(istream& in, BigInteger& x) {
	string str;
	in >> str;
	x = str;
	return in;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const BigInteger& x) {
	for (int i = x.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
		out << x.digit[i];
	}
	return out;
}

BigInteger::BigInteger() {
	memset(digit, 0, sizeof(digit));
	length = 0;
}

BigInteger::BigInteger(int x) {
	memset(digit, 0, sizeof(digit));
	length = 0;
	while (x != 0) {
		digit[length++] = x % 10;
		x /= 10;
	}
}

BigInteger::BigInteger(string str) {
	memset(digit, 0, sizeof(digit));
	length = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
		digit[i] = str[length - i - 1] - '0';
	}
}

BigInteger::BigInteger(const BigInteger& b) {
	memset(digit, 0, sizeof(digit));
	length = b.length;
	for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
		digit[i] = b.digit[i];
	}
}

BigInteger BigInteger::operator=(int x) {
	memset(digit, 0, sizeof(digit));
	length = 0;
	if (x == 0) {
		digit[length++] = x;
	}
	while (x != 0) {
		digit[length++] = x % 10;
		x /= 10;
	}
	return *this;
}

BigInteger BigInteger::operator=(string str) {
	memset(digit, 0, sizeof(digit));
	length = str.size();
	for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
		digit[i] = str[length - i - 1] - '0';
	}
	return *this;
}

BigInteger BigInteger::operator=(const BigInteger& b) {
	memset(digit, 0, sizeof(digit));
	length = b.length;
	for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
		digit[i] = b.digit[i];
	}
	return *this;
}

bool BigInteger::operator<=(const BigInteger& b) {
	if (length < b.length) {
		return true;
	}
	else if (b.length < length) {
		return false;
	}
	else {
		for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
			if (digit[i] == b.digit[i]) {
				continue;
			}
			else {
				return digit[i] < b.digit[i];
			}
		}
	}
	return true;
}

bool BigInteger::operator==(const BigInteger& b) {
	if (length != b.length) {
		return false;
	}
	else {
		for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
			if (digit[i] != b.digit[i]) {
				return false;
			}
		}
	}
	return true;
}

BigInteger BigInteger::operator+(const BigInteger& b) {
	BigInteger answer;
	int carry = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < length || i < b.length; ++i) {
		int current = digit[i] + b.digit[i] + carry;
		carry = current / 10;
		answer.digit[answer.length++] = current % 10;
	}
	if (carry != 0) {
		answer.digit[answer.length++] = carry;
	}
	return answer;

}

BigInteger BigInteger::operator-(const BigInteger& b) {
	BigInteger answer;
	int carry = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
		int current = digit[i] - b.digit[i] - carry;
		if (carry < 0) {
			current += 10;
			carry = 1;
		}
		else {
			carry = 0;
		}
		answer.digit[answer.length++] = current;
	}
	while (answer.digit[answer.length] == 0 && answer.length > 1) {
		answer.length--;
	}
	return answer;

}

BigInteger BigInteger::operator*(const BigInteger& b) {
	BigInteger answer;
	answer.length = length + b.length;
	for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < b.length; ++j) {
			answer.digit[i + j] += digit[i] * b.digit[j];
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < answer.length; ++i) {
		answer.digit[i + 1] += answer.digit[i] / 10;
		answer.digit[i] %= 10;
	}
	while (answer.digit[answer.length] == 0 && answer.length > 1) {
		answer.length--;
	}
	return answer;
}

BigInteger BigInteger::operator/(const BigInteger& b) {
	BigInteger answer;
	answer.length = length;
	BigInteger remainder = 0;
	BigInteger temp = b;
	for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
		if (!(remainder.length == 1 && remainder.digit[0] == 0)) {
			for (int j = remainder.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
				remainder.digit[j + 1] = remainder.digit[j];
			}
			remainder.length++;
		}
		remainder.digit[0] = digit[i];
		while (temp <= remainder) {
			remainder = remainder - temp;
			answer.digit[i]++;
		}
	}
	while (answer.digit[answer.length] == 0 && answer.length > 1) {
		answer.length--;
	}
	return answer;
}

BigInteger BigInteger::operator%(const BigInteger& b) {
	BigInteger remainder = 0;
	BigInteger temp = b;
	for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
		if (!(remainder.length == 1 && remainder.digit[0] == 0)) {
			for (int j = remainder.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
				remainder.digit[j + 1] = remainder.digit[j];
			}
			remainder.length++;
		}
		remainder.digit[0] = digit[i];
		while (temp <= remainder) {
			remainder = remainder - temp;
		}
	}
	return remainder;
}