对抗生成神经网络（GAN）原理解析和源码详解

对抗生成神经网络（GAN）是一种深度学习模型，由Ian Goodfellow等人在2014年提出。GAN的核心思想是通过两个神经网络的对抗过程来生成数据，一个生成器网络（Generator）和一个判别器网络（Discriminator）。生成器网络的目标是生成尽可能真实的数据，而判别器网络的目标是尽可能准确地判断输入数据是真实的还是生成的。在训练过程中，生成器不断尝试生成更加真实的数据，而判别器不断学习如何区分真实数据和生成数据，两者相互对抗，最终达到一个动态平衡状态，生成器能够生成非常逼真的数据。

以下实践任务是基于pytorch实现，生成器生成手写字体的图像，判别器进行判断。生成器和判别器都用的是简单的全连接层实现，如下图分别为生成器和判别器的网络结构图。

import argparse
import os
import numpy as np
import math

import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torchvision.utils import save_image

from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import datasets
from torch.autograd import Variable

import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch

os.makedirs("images", exist_ok=True)

# 参数设置
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--n_epochs", type=int, default=100, help="number of epochs of training")
parser.add_argument("--batch_size", type=int, default=128, help="size of the batches")
parser.add_argument("--lr", type=float, default=0.0002, help="adam: learning rate")
parser.add_argument("--b1", type=float, default=0.5, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
parser.add_argument("--b2", type=float, default=0.999, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
parser.add_argument("--n_cpu", type=int, default=8, help="number of cpu threads to use during batch generation")
parser.add_argument("--latent_dim", type=int, default=100, help="dimensionality of the latent space")
parser.add_argument("--img_size", type=int, default=28, help="size of each image dimension")
parser.add_argument("--channels", type=int, default=1, help="number of image channels")
parser.add_argument("--sample_interval", type=int, default=400, help="interval betwen image samples")
opt = parser.parse_args()
print(opt)

img_shape = (opt.channels, opt.img_size, opt.img_size)
cuda = True if torch.cuda.is_available() else False

# 生成器
class Generator(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Generator, self).__init__()

        def block(in_feat, out_feat, normalize=True):
            layers = [nn.Linear(in_feat, out_feat)]
            if normalize:
                layers.append(nn.BatchNorm1d(out_feat, 0.8))
            layers.append(nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True))
            return layers

        self.model = nn.Sequential(
            *block(opt.latent_dim, 128, normalize=False),
            *block(128, 256),
            *block(256, 512),
            *block(512, 1024),
            nn.Linear(1024, int(np.prod(img_shape))),
            nn.Tanh()
        )

    def forward(self, z):
        img = self.model(z)
        img = img.view(img.size(0), *img_shape)
        return img

判别器
class Discriminator(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Discriminator, self).__init__()

        self.model = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(int(np.prod(img_shape)), 512),
            nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(512, 256),
            nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(256, 1),
            nn.Sigmoid(),
        )

    def forward(self, img):
        img_flat = img.view(img.size(0), -1)
        validity = self.model(img_flat)

        return validity


# Loss function
adversarial_loss = torch.nn.BCELoss()

# Initialize generator and discriminator
generator = Generator()
discriminator = Discriminator()

if cuda:
    generator.cuda()
    discriminator.cuda()
    adversarial_loss.cuda()

# Configure data loader，初次调用会自动下载数据集
os.makedirs("./data/mnist", exist_ok=True)
dataloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    datasets.MNIST(
        "./data/mnist",
        train=True,
        download=True,
        transform=transforms.Compose(
            [transforms.Resize(opt.img_size), transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize([0.5], [0.5])]
        ),
    ),
    batch_size=opt.batch_size,
    shuffle=True,
)

# Optimizers
optimizer_G = torch.optim.Adam(generator.parameters(), lr=opt.lr, betas=(opt.b1, opt.b2))
optimizer_D = torch.optim.Adam(discriminator.parameters(), lr=opt.lr, betas=(opt.b1, opt.b2))


Tensor = torch.cuda.FloatTensor if cuda else torch.FloatTensor

# ----------
#  Training
# ----------

for epoch in range(opt.n_epochs):
    for i, (imgs, _) in enumerate(dataloader):

        # Adversarial ground truths
        valid = Variable(Tensor(imgs.size(0), 1).fill_(1.0), requires_grad=False)
        fake = Variable(Tensor(imgs.size(0), 1).fill_(0.0), requires_grad=False)

        # Configure input
        real_imgs = Variable(imgs.type(Tensor))

        # -----------------
        #  Train Generator
        # -----------------

        optimizer_G.zero_grad()

        # Sample noise as generator input
        z = Variable(Tensor(np.random.normal(0, 1, (imgs.shape[0], opt.latent_dim))))

        # Generate a batch of images
        gen_imgs = generator(z)

        # Loss measures generator's ability to fool the discriminator
        g_loss = adversarial_loss(discriminator(gen_imgs), valid)
        # 对生成器来说，它希望它生成的东西能骗过判别器

        g_loss.backward()
        optimizer_G.step()

        # ---------------------
        #  Train Discriminator
        # ---------------------

        optimizer_D.zero_grad()

        # Measure discriminator's ability to classify real from generated samples
        # 对于判别器来说，它希望它既能识别出真实的图片，又能识别出生成器生成的图片
        real_loss = adversarial_loss(discriminator(real_imgs), valid)
        fake_loss = adversarial_loss(discriminator(gen_imgs.detach()), fake)
        d_loss = (real_loss + fake_loss) / 2

        d_loss.backward()
        optimizer_D.step()

        print(
            "[Epoch %d/%d] [Batch %d/%d] [D loss: %f] [G loss: %f]"
            % (epoch, opt.n_epochs, i, len(dataloader), d_loss.item(), g_loss.item())
        )

        batches_done = epoch * len(dataloader) + i
        if batches_done % opt.sample_interval == 0:
            save_image(gen_imgs.data[:25], "images/%d.png" % batches_done, nrow=5, normalize=True)