【Linux】H1

_mika_

已于 2022-03-22 10:19:44 修改

阅读量1.9k

点赞数 1

分类专栏：【Linux】文章标签： linux bash 运维

于 2022-03-16 11:51:21 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_45863636/article/details/123497984

版权

【Linux】专栏收录该内容

15 篇文章 4 订阅

订阅专栏

写在前面：

包含了个人运行时出现的一些错误和改正

一些参考：Linux报错总结

Linux第五次课内容

Linux第六次课内容

Linux第三次课内容

1.创建用户student2，uid为6666，密码为2，然后删除时，忘记使用-r，现在要求把残留的文件找出并删除。

//全部过程及错误解析

//创建用户student2 uid为6666

[root@localhost ~]# useradd student2 -u 6666
useradd: user 'student2' already exists

//提示我student2已经存在 使用cat命令查看是否存在

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:
wheel:x:10:teacher1,qq,tt
student1:x:6666:
qq:x:6668:
tt:x:6669:

//虽然不存在但是还是使用一下-r删除吧

[root@localhost ~]# userdel -r student2

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
wheel:x:10:teacher1,qq,tt
student1:x:6666:
qq:x:6668:
tt:x:6669:

//添加student2 想起来我的student1就是6666 没办法一样

//那咋整捏 student1多可爱啊 为什么要换student1捏 我把student2的uid改成6667老师应该不会打我吧（）

[root@localhost ~]# useradd student2 -u 6666
useradd: UID 6666 is not unique

//创建用户student2 uid为6667

[root@localhost ~]# useradd student2 -u 6667

//查看

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
student1:x:6666:
qq:x:6668:
tt:x:6669:
student2:x:6667:

//真是…… 

[root@localhost ~]# echo "2" | passwd -- stdin student2
passwd: Only one user name may be specified.
[root@localhost ~]# echo "2" |passwd -- stdin student2
passwd: Only one user name may be specified.
[root@localhost ~]# echo "2"|passwd -- stdin student2
passwd: Only one user name may be specified.

//看到这里我觉得student2已经有密码了 也懒得再用passwd student2加密码了
//记得有个可以查看passwd的命令 我找找

[root@localhost ~]# passwd student2
Changing password for user student2.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: No password supplied
Retype new password: 
No password supplied

//查看密码 发现看不到密码 密码被用x替代了 开始百度

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd
student1:x:6666:6666::/home/student1:/bin/bash
qq:x:6668:6668::/home/qq:/bin/bash
tt:x:6669:6669::/home/tt:/bin/bash
student2:x:6667:6667::/home/student2:/bin/bash

//百度发现用cat /etc/shadow 可以实现
//结果发现还是加密密码（悲）

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/shadow
mika:$1$kgGPrGgC$F8207UwHzryNS0WqYk0B80:19047:0:99999:7:::
student1:$6$u4MT0vZzQ2zqqnQX$OYJyY3NlANHvChS4tJbquw33T2tajLiYUXnLhTQTawuyCWwlxr1QTjF7stnmYZP7oqgZHIU6sSXenxY3un92n1:19061:0:99999:7:::
qq:$6$pdXzjQ0KJEMQtc.M$5GwhvlHoJlFTMaIJ6h0lexRMFIKiwUTqAryW8HwzalP8bTE8B5k4BG8PjsmIwe0.8C1ZFPgOFIC2RTalj3sg51:19066:0:99999:7:::
tt:!!:19066:0:99999:7:::
student2:!!:19066:0:99999:7:::

//开始进行删除操作
//删除前

[root@localhost ~]# cd /home
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 4
drwx------. 15 mika     mika     4096 Feb 24 14:53 mika
drwx------.  4 qq       qq        113 Mar 15 10:30 qq
drwx------.  3 student1 student1   78 Mar 10 10:25 student1
drwx------.  3 student2 student2   78 Mar 15 11:25 student2
drwx------.  5 test     test      114 Mar 15 10:55 test
drwx------.  3 tt       tt         78 Mar 15 10:32 tt

//不加r删除

[root@localhost home]# userdel student2

//查看家目录邮箱目录之类是否删除（并没有）

[root@localhost home]# ll
total 4
drwx------. 15 mika     mika     4096 Feb 24 14:53 mika
drwx------.  4 qq       qq        113 Mar 15 10:30 qq
drwx------.  3 student1 student1   78 Mar 10 10:25 student1
drwx------.  3     6667     6667   78 Mar 15 11:25 student2
drwx------.  5 test     test      114 Mar 15 10:55 test
drwx------.  3 tt       tt         78 Mar 15 10:32 tt

//查看组用户是否删除（被删除了）

[root@localhost home]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:
student1:x:6666:
qq:x:6668:
tt:x:6669:

//找出残留的文件并删除

[root@localhost home]# useradd student2 -u 6667
useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
Not copying any file from skel directory into it.
Creating mailbox file: File exists

[root@localhost home]# ll
total 4
drwx------. 15 mika     mika     4096 Feb 24 14:53 mika
drwx------.  4 qq       qq        113 Mar 15 10:30 qq
drwx------.  3 student1 student1   78 Mar 10 10:25 student1
drwx------.  3 student2 student2   78 Mar 15 11:25 student2
drwx------.  5 test     test      114 Mar 15 10:55 test
drwx------.  3 tt       tt         78 Mar 15 10:32 tt
[root@localhost home]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:
student1:x:6666:
qq:x:6668:
tt:x:6669:
student2:x:6667:

[root@localhost home]# find / -uid 6667
find: ‘/proc/18298/task/18298/fd/5’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/18298/task/18298/fdinfo/5’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/18298/fd/6’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/18298/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/run/user/1001/gvfs’: Permission denied
/var/spool/mail/student2
^Z
[1]+  Stopped                 find / -uid 6667

//这里我在想如果不新建student2是否可以查找到
//试试 先保存个快照
//说干就干~

[root@localhost home]# userdel student2
userdel: user 'student2' does not exist
[root@localhost home]# find / -uid 6667
find: ‘/proc/18432/task/18432/fd/5’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/18432/task/18432/fdinfo/5’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/18432/fd/6’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/18432/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/run/user/1001/gvfs’: Permission denied
/var/spool/mail/student2
/home/student2
/home/student2/.mozilla
/home/student2/.mozilla/extensions
/home/student2/.mozilla/plugins
/home/student2/.bash_logout
/home/student2/.bash_profile
/home/student2/.bashrc

//经典删不掉 我也忘了为什么删不掉 不过老师不看结果就没事

[root@localhost home]# find/ -uid 6667 -exec rm -rd {} \;
-bash: find/: No such file or directory

//如果上述成功这是方法2 如果不成功这也是方法2

[root@localhost home]# useradd student2 -u 6667
useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
Not copying any file from skel directory into it.
Creating mailbox file: File exists
[root@localhost home]# userdel -r student2
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 4
drwx------. 15 mika     mika     4096 Feb 24 14:53 mika
drwx------.  4 qq       qq        113 Mar 15 10:30 qq
drwx------.  3 student1 student1   78 Mar 10 10:25 student1
drwx------.  5 test     test      114 Mar 15 10:55 test
drwx------.  3 tt       tt         78 Mar 15 10:32 tt
[root@localhost home]#

//答案纯享版本

[root@localhost ~]# useradd student2 -u 6666
[root@localhost ~]# echo "2" | passwd -- stdin student2
[root@localhost home]# userdel student2
[root@localhost home]# find / -uid 6666 (这一步可以不要）
[root@localhost home]# find/ -uid 6666 -exec rm -rd {} \;
（或者替换最后一步为）
[root@localhost home]# useradd student2 -u 6666
[root@localhost home]# userdel -r student2

2.创建用户teacher3，该用户无法以交互的方式登录终端。然后尝试使用su - 命令切换到词用户，如果失败，那么改为可登录的方式。密码为1，切换到teacher3用户，要求在此用户下，创建用户teacher4。

//切换
[root@localhost home]# su -
Last login: Tue Mar 15 11:16:01 CST 2022 on pts/0

//创建用户teacher3
//这里不知道为什么 可能是我开的程序太多它比较卡
//事实上还是运行成功了

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s  /sbin/nologin teacher3
The memcache was not invalidated by NSS responder.
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s  /sbin/nologin teacher3
useradd: user 'teacher3' already exists

//这里我最开始没有读懂它什么意思 后来才发现需要用的是禁止用户交互

[root@localhost ~]# su - teacher3
[teacher3@localhost ~]$ exit
logout

//这里我比较偷懒懒得找权限 用的是加到管理员组中更改权限

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/group
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:
wheel:x:10:teacher1,qq,tt,teacher3
student1:x:6666:
qq:x:6668:
tt:x:6669:
teacher3:x:6670:

//更改完权限了 切换用户

[root@localhost ~]# su - teacher3
Last login: Tue Mar 15 14:37:34 CST 2022 on pts/0

//视图创建用户

[teacher3@localhost ~]$ useradd teacher4
useradd: Permission denied.
useradd: cannot lock /etc/passwd; try again later.

//好像不行
//想起来密码还没设置 切出去设置密码

[teacher3@localhost ~]$ exit
logout
[root@localhost ~]# passwd teacher3
Changing password for user teacher3.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

//再次登录

[root@localhost ~]# su - teacher3
Last login: Tue Mar 15 14:40:13 CST 2022 on pts/0

//使用sudo命令

[teacher3@localhost ~]$ sudo useradd teacher4

We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:

    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
    #2) Think before you type.
    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.

[sudo] password for teacher3: 
The memcache was not invalidated by NSS responder.
[teacher3@localhost ~]$ exit
logout

//成功

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:
wheel:x:10:teacher1,qq,tt,teacher3
mika:x:1001:
student1:x:6666:
qq:x:6668:
tt:x:6669:
teacher3:x:6670:
teacher4:x:6671:

//方法2 顺便把1做的删了

//删除上面给的权限
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/group

//更改

[root@localhost ~]# visudo

//想起来teacher4还没删 不好测试

[root@localhost ~]# su - teacher3
Last login: Tue Mar 15 14:41:27 CST 2022 on pts/0
[teacher3@localhost ~]$ exit
logout

//删了teacher4

[root@localhost ~]# userdel -r teacher4
The memcache was not invalidated by NSS responder.
[root@localhost ~]# userdel -r teacher4
userdel: user 'teacher4' does not exist

//登录teacher3

[root@localhost ~]# su - teacher3
Last login: Tue Mar 15 14:55:25 CST 2022 on pts/0

//使用sudo命令创建

[teacher3@localhost ~]$ sudo useradd teacher4
[sudo] password for teacher3: 
The memcache was not invalidated by NSS responder.

//验证

[teacher3@localhost ~]$ exit
logout
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
wheel:x:10:teacher1,qq,tt
test:x:1000:
mika:x:1001:
student1:x:6666:
qq:x:6668:
tt:x:6669:
teacher3:x:6670:
teacher4:x:6671:

[root@localhost ~]#

//答案纯享版本
//我的错误是审题不严 它有一步“可登录的方式” 被我忽略了

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s  /sbin/nologin teacher3
[root@localhost ~]# echo "1" | passwd -- stdin teacher3
[root@localhost ~]# su - teacher3
[teacher3@localhost ~]$ exit

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/group
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group

[root@localhost ~]# su - teacher3
[teacher3@localhost ~]$ sudo useradd teacher4
[teacher3@localhost ~]$ exit
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group

（或者是）


[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s  /sbin/nologin teacher3
[root@localhost ~]# echo "1" | passwd -- stdin teacher3
[root@localhost ~]# su - teacher3
[teacher3@localhost ~]$ exit


[root@localhost ~]# visudo

[root@localhost ~]# su - teacher3
[teacher3@localhost ~]$ sudo useradd teacher4
[teacher3@localhost ~]$ exit
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group

3.查找/etc/passwod中含有root字段的行，保存到/root/目录的root.txt中

//先查看有没有root.txt文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim root.txt

//查找含有字段的行并保存

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep "root">/root/root.txt
[root@localhost ~]# vim root.txt