Shell脚本编程5个小例子

本文介绍了Shell脚本的基础知识,并通过5个具体的例子展示了其在Linux环境中的应用,包括文件操作、命令执行、条件判断等。在Ubuntu14.04系统中,使用BASH Shell进行脚本编写,涉及通配符使用、权限设置以及错误处理等技巧。
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Shell 简介

Shell 是运维和系统管理员操作Linux 系统的首选,简单说,它是一个命令解释器.

命令行相关: 行首“$” 或 “#” - 命令行提示符
行中 ## - 视为注释开始
注意: 命令行是区分大小写的!

使用命令行补全(Tab) 和通配符可以提高输入效率

通配符共有3个: “*”,“?”,“[]”
** - 用于匹配文件名中任意长度的字符串;
? - 只匹配一个字符;
[] - 用于匹配所有出现在方括号内的字符。可以使用短线“-”来指定字符集范围。如:ls text[1-3] 或 ls test[a-z]

Linux 下环境下有几种不同Shell ,常用的有 BASH 、TCSH Shell和 Z-Shell 等.BASH 是默认安装和使用的Shell。

编译环境: Ubuntu14.04
vim first.sh

例子1:

#1/bin/bash

echo "Hello world"

ls -l
在这里插入图片描述
看出没有可执行
改一下权限:
chmod +x first.sh
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
*

例子2:

#1/bin/bash
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Shell脚本高级编程教程,希望对你有所帮助。 Example 10-23. Using continue N in an actual task: 1 # Albert Reiner gives an example of how to use "continue N": 2 # --------------------------------------------------------- 3 4 # Suppose I have a large number of jobs that need to be run, with 5 #+ any data that is to be treated in files of a given name pattern in a 6 #+ directory. There are several machines that access this directory, and 7 #+ I want to distribute the work over these different boxen. Then I 8 #+ usually nohup something like the following on every box: 9 10 while true 11 do 12 for n in .iso.* 13 do 14 [ "$n" = ".iso.opts" ] && continue 15 beta=${n#.iso.} 16 [ -r .Iso.$beta ] && continue 17 [ -r .lock.$beta ] && sleep 10 && continue 18 lockfile -r0 .lock.$beta || continue 19 echo -n "$beta: " `date` 20 run-isotherm $beta 21 date 22 ls -alF .Iso.$beta 23 [ -r .Iso.$beta ] && rm -f .lock.$beta 24 continue 2 25 done 26 break 27 done 28 29 # The details, in particular the sleep N, are particular to my 30 #+ application, but the general pattern is: 31 32 while true 33 do 34 for job in {pattern} 35 do 36 {job already done or running} && continue 37 {mark job as running, do job, mark job as done} 38 continue 2 39 done 40 break # Or something like `sleep 600' to avoid termination. 41 done 42 43 # This way the script will stop only when there are no more jobs to do 44 #+ (including jobs that were added during runtime). Through the use 45 #+ of appropriate lockfiles it can be run on several machines 46 #+ concurrently without duplication of calculations [which run a couple 47 #+ of hours in my case, so I really want to avoid this]. Also, as search 48 #+ always starts again from the beginning, one can encode priorities in 49 #+ the file names. Of course, one could also do this without `continue 2', 50 #+ but then one would have to actually check whether or not some job 51 #+ was done (so that we should immediately look for the next job) or not 52 #+ (in which case we terminate or sleep for a long time before checking 53 #+ for a new job).
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