GUI

GUI编程

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简介

Swing，AWT，MVC架构与监听。

AWT

元素：窗口，按钮，文本框...
java.awt
Component(组件)：
	Button、TextArea、Label... (存在于容器中)
	Container(容器): Window、Panel(面板)
		Window: Frame、Dialog
		Panel: Applet

Frame

// 构造器
Frame frame = new Frame("My First GUI Window");

// 设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);

// 窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);

// 背景颜色
frame.setBackground(new Color(65,165,134));
frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);

//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);

// 设置大小固定,不可改变
frame.setResizable(false);

通常我们将Frame进行封装MyFrame

Panel

往Frame增加Panel       -- Frame.add(Panel)
Panel也有对应的操作，如setBackground，setLocation，setColor...
无法单独显示，必须加到某个容器中

布局管理器

1. 流式布局

frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());	// 默认居中
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));

2. 东西南北中

Button north = new Button("North");
Button south = new Button("South");

frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

3. 表格布局
   自动填充，与东西南北中不同。

Button button0 = new Button("button0");
Button button1 = new Button("button1");

frame.add(button0);
frame.add(button1);

TextField

将用户输入的文本输出，回车触发事件，一个监听器实现

class MyListener implements ActionListener {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField textField1 = (TextField) e.getSource(); // 获得资源,返回对象
        System.out.println(textField1.getText());
        textField1.setText("");
    }
}

密码隐藏

textField.setEchoChar('*');

Paint

只需在extends Frame后重写一个paint()方法

class MyPaint extends Frame{
   @Override
   public void paint(Graphics graphics){ 
    	// Generation 
    }
}

事件监听

1. 写一个ActionListener类

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
    @Override

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        System.out.println("Listener");
    }
}

注：用e.getActionCommand().equals(“Start”)来实现多个案例共享一个事件

鼠标监听

一个例子：在窗口上点击，便画出一个小点。

package ch0;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    ArrayList<Point> points;
    public MyFrame(){
        this.setBounds(400,400,400,400);
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        this.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
                MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame)e.getSource();
                Point point = new Point(e.getX(),e.getY());
                points.add(point);
                myFrame.repaint();

            }
        });
        this.setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point)iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }

    }
}

窗口监听

常见窗口监听

@Override
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {    
}

@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
}

@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
}

鼠标监听

frame.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        char keyChar = e.getKeyChar();
    }
});

Swing

JFrame

独特的窗口关闭

jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);

一个JFrame程序

class MyFrame extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200,200,400,400);

        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("Welcome");
        this.add(jLabel);
        
	//获得一个容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
	
	//JLabal的居中
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

JLabel

new JLabel("***");

图标和图片

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame{
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        // 标签--> url --> url创建一个图标--> 标签设置图标
        
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("BiliBili");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpg");        // 获取相对路径下的图片url
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);        // 根据url创建一个图标
        jLabel.setIcon(imageIcon);        // 标签上设置图标
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);        // 设置标签的位置

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(jLabel);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,400,400);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

JPanel

JPanel …

JScrollPane

public class JTextAreaDemo extends JFrame {
    public JTextAreaDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20,50);
        jTextArea.setText("Welcome to Java");

        //container.add(jTextArea);
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        container.add(jScrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JTextAreaDemo();
    }
}

JButton

图片按钮

public class JButtonDemo extends JFrame{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo();
    }

    public JButtonDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        URL url = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        JButton jButton = new JButton();
        jButton.setIcon(imageIcon);
        jButton.setToolTipText("BiliBili");

        container.add(jButton);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

单选框

JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton1");
JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton2");
JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton3");

ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton1);
buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton2);
buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton3);

container.add(jRadioButton1,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
container.add(jRadioButton2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(jRadioButton3,BorderLayout.NORTH);

复选框

JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("1");
JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("0");


container.add(jCheckBox1,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
container.add(jCheckBox2,BorderLayout.WEST);

列表

下拉框

Container container = this.getContentPane();
JComboBox jComboBox = new JComboBox();
jComboBox.addItem(null);
jComboBox.addItem("江苏");
jComboBox.addItem("湖北");
jComboBox.addItem("浙江");
container.add(jComboBox);

列表(动态扩容，用于展示)

public ComboboxTest(){

    Container container = this.getContentPane();

    //String[] contents = {"1","2","3"};

    Vector contents = new Vector();
    contents.add("江苏");
    contents.add("湖北");
    contents.add("浙江");

    JList jList =new JList(contents);
    container.add(jList);

   }

文本框，密码框

文本框 JTextArea
密码框JPassword

JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');
container.add(jPasswordField);