大数据基础设施搭建 - 数据装载

一、概述

入仓时机:业务数据、日志数据都同步到HDFS后。即Sqoop同步业务全量表完成后。
业务数据进入HDFS时机:全量数据每天凌晨将昨天的数据同步到HDFS昨天目录。增量数据实时同步到HDFS到binlog对应的日期目录。
日志数据进入HDFS时机:实时同步到日志行为发生的日期,JSON串中的ts字段解析出来的日期。

二、数据装载(HDFS -> Hive)

2.1 创建Hive表

共28张表:16张业务全量表、11张业务增量表、1张流量增量表。
注意1:Hive表默认是TextFile格式。
注意2:省份表和地区表为非分区表。
业务全量表:HDFS文件以 /t 分割属性字段。
业务增量表:HDFS文件是JSON串。
流量增量表:HDFS文件是JSON串。

2.1.1 业务全量表建表语句

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_sku_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_sku_info_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT 'skuId',
    `spu_id` STRING COMMENT 'spuid',
    `price` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '价格',
    `sku_name` STRING COMMENT '商品名称',
    `sku_desc` STRING COMMENT '商品描述',
    `weight` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '重量',
    `tm_id` STRING COMMENT '品牌id',
    `category3_id` STRING COMMENT '品类id',
    `is_sale` STRING COMMENT '是否在售',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建时间'
) COMMENT 'SKU商品表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_sku_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_base_category1_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_base_category1_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT 'id',
    `name` STRING COMMENT '名称'
) COMMENT '商品一级分类表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_base_category1_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_base_category2_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_base_category2_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT ' id',
    `name` STRING COMMENT '名称',
    `category1_id` STRING COMMENT '一级品类id'
) COMMENT '商品二级分类表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_base_category2_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_base_category3_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_base_category3_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT ' id',
    `name` STRING COMMENT '名称',
    `category2_id` STRING COMMENT '二级品类id'
) COMMENT '商品三级分类表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_base_category3_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_base_province;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_base_province (
    `id` STRING COMMENT '编号',
    `name` STRING COMMENT '省份名称',
    `region_id` STRING COMMENT '地区ID',
    `area_code` STRING COMMENT '地区编码',
    `iso_code` STRING COMMENT 'ISO-3166编码,供可视化使用',
    `iso_3166_2` STRING COMMENT 'IOS-3166-2编码,供可视化使用'
)  COMMENT '省份表'
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_base_province/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_base_trademark_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_base_trademark_full (
    `id` STRING COMMENT '编号',
    `tm_name` STRING COMMENT '品牌名称'
)  COMMENT '品牌表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_base_trademark_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_spu_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_spu_info_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT 'spuid',
    `spu_name` STRING COMMENT 'spu名称',
    `category3_id` STRING COMMENT '品类id',
    `tm_id` STRING COMMENT '品牌id'
) COMMENT 'SPU商品表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_spu_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_favor_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_favor_info_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT '编号',
    `user_id` STRING COMMENT '用户id',
    `sku_id` STRING COMMENT 'skuid',
    `spu_id` STRING COMMENT 'spuid',
    `is_cancel` STRING COMMENT '是否取消',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '收藏时间',
    `cancel_time` STRING COMMENT '取消时间'
) COMMENT '商品收藏表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_favor_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_cart_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_cart_info_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT '编号',
    `user_id` STRING COMMENT '用户id',
    `sku_id` STRING COMMENT 'skuid',
    `cart_price` DECIMAL(16,2)  COMMENT '放入购物车时价格',
    `sku_num` BIGINT COMMENT '数量',
    `sku_name` STRING COMMENT 'sku名称 (冗余)',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建时间',
    `operate_time` STRING COMMENT '修改时间',
    `is_ordered` STRING COMMENT '是否已经下单',
    `order_time` STRING COMMENT '下单时间',
    `source_type` STRING COMMENT '来源类型',
    `source_id` STRING COMMENT '来源编号'
) COMMENT '加购表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_cart_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_coupon_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_coupon_info_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT '购物券编号',
    `coupon_name` STRING COMMENT '购物券名称',
    `coupon_type` STRING COMMENT '购物券类型 1 现金券 2 折扣券 3 满减券 4 满件打折券',
    `condition_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '满额数',
    `condition_num` BIGINT COMMENT '满件数',
    `activity_id` STRING COMMENT '活动编号',
    `benefit_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '减金额',
    `benefit_discount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '折扣',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建时间',
    `range_type` STRING COMMENT '范围类型 1、商品 2、品类 3、品牌',
    `limit_num` BIGINT COMMENT '最多领用次数',
    `taken_count` BIGINT COMMENT '已领用次数',
    `start_time` STRING COMMENT '开始领取时间',
    `end_time` STRING COMMENT '结束领取时间',
    `operate_time` STRING COMMENT '修改时间',
    `expire_time` STRING COMMENT '过期时间'
) COMMENT '优惠券表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_coupon_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_activity_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_activity_info_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT '编号',
    `activity_name` STRING  COMMENT '活动名称',
    `activity_type` STRING  COMMENT '活动类型',
    `start_time` STRING  COMMENT '开始时间',
    `end_time` STRING  COMMENT '结束时间',
    `create_time` STRING  COMMENT '创建时间'
) COMMENT '活动信息表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_activity_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_activity_rule_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_activity_rule_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT '编号',
    `activity_id` STRING  COMMENT '活动ID',
    `activity_type` STRING COMMENT '活动类型',
    `condition_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '满减金额',
    `condition_num` BIGINT COMMENT '满减件数',
    `benefit_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '优惠金额',
    `benefit_discount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '优惠折扣',
    `benefit_level` STRING COMMENT '优惠级别'
) COMMENT '活动规则表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_activity_rule_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_base_dic_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_base_dic_full(
    `dic_code` STRING COMMENT '编号',
    `dic_name` STRING COMMENT '编码名称',
    `parent_code` STRING COMMENT '父编码',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建日期',
    `operate_time` STRING COMMENT '操作日期'
) COMMENT '编码字典表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_base_dic_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_sku_attr_value_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_sku_attr_value_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT '编号',
    `attr_id` STRING COMMENT '平台属性ID',
    `value_id` STRING COMMENT '平台属性值ID',
    `sku_id` STRING COMMENT '商品ID',
    `attr_name` STRING COMMENT '平台属性名称',
    `value_name` STRING COMMENT '平台属性值名称'
) COMMENT 'sku平台属性表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_sku_attr_value_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_sku_sale_attr_value_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_sku_sale_attr_value_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT '编号',
    `sku_id` STRING COMMENT 'sku_id',
    `spu_id` STRING COMMENT 'spu_id',
    `sale_attr_value_id` STRING COMMENT '销售属性值id',
    `sale_attr_id` STRING COMMENT '销售属性id',
    `sale_attr_name` STRING COMMENT '销售属性名称',
    `sale_attr_value_name` STRING COMMENT '销售属性值名称'
) COMMENT 'sku销售属性名称'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_sku_sale_attr_value_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_base_region;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_base_region (
    `id` STRING COMMENT '编号',
    `region_name` STRING COMMENT '地区名称'
)  COMMENT '地区表'
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_base_region/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_user_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_user_info_full(
    `id` STRING COMMENT 'userId',
    `login_name` STRING COMMENT '用户名称',
    `nick_name` STRING COMMENT '用户昵称',
    `passwd` STRING COMMENT '用户密码',
    `name` STRING COMMENT '用户姓名',
    `phone_num` STRING COMMENT '手机号',
    `email` STRING COMMENT '邮箱',
    `head_img` STRING COMMENT '头像',
    `user_level` STRING COMMENT '用户级别',
    `birthday` STRING COMMENT '用户生日',
    `gender` STRING COMMENT '性别 M男,F女',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建时间',
    `operate_time` STRING COMMENT '修改时间',
    `status` STRING COMMENT '状态'
) COMMENT 'SKU商品表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_user_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_order_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_order_info_full(
    `id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单号',
    `consignee` STRING COMMENT '收货人',
    `consignee_tel` STRING COMMENT '收件人电话',
    `total_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '总金额',
    `order_status` STRING COMMENT '订单状态',
    `user_id` BIGINT COMMENT '用户id',
    `payment_way` STRING COMMENT '付款方式',
    `delivery_address` STRING COMMENT '送货地址',
    `order_comment` STRING COMMENT '订单备注',
    `out_trade_no` STRING COMMENT '订单交易编号(第三方支付用)',
    `trade_body` STRING COMMENT '订单描述(第三方支付用)',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建时间',
    `operate_time` STRING COMMENT '操作时间',
    `expire_time` STRING COMMENT '失效时间',
    `process_status` STRING COMMENT '进度状态',
    `tracking_no` STRING COMMENT '物流单编号',
    `parent_order_id` BIGINT COMMENT '父订单编号',
    `img_url` STRING COMMENT '图片路径',
    `province_id` INT COMMENT '地区',
    `activity_reduce_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '促销金额',
    `coupon_reduce_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '优惠券',
    `original_total_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '原价金额',
    `feight_fee` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '运费',
    `feight_fee_reduce` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '运费减免',
    `refundable_time` STRING COMMENT '可退款日期(签收后30天)'
) COMMENT '订单表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_coupon_use_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_coupon_use_full(
    `id` BIGINT COMMENT '编号',
    `coupon_id` BIGINT COMMENT '购物券ID',
    `user_id` BIGINT COMMENT '用户ID',
    `order_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单ID',
    `coupon_status` STRING COMMENT '购物券状态(1:未使用 2:已使用)',
    `get_time` STRING COMMENT '获取时间',
    `using_time` STRING COMMENT '使用时间',
    `used_time` STRING COMMENT '支付时间',
    `expire_time` STRING COMMENT '过期时间'
) COMMENT '优惠券领用表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_coupon_use_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_order_status_log_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_order_status_log_full(
    `id` BIGINT COMMENT '编号',
    `order_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单ID',
    `order_status` STRING COMMENT '订单状态',
    `operate_time` STRING COMMENT '修改时间'
) COMMENT '订单状态表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_status_log_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_order_detail_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_order_detail_full(
    `id` BIGINT COMMENT '编号',
    `order_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单编号',
    `sku_id` BIGINT COMMENT 'sku_id',
    `sku_name` STRING COMMENT 'sku名称',
    `img_url` STRING COMMENT '图片名称(冗余)',
    `order_price` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '购买价格(下单时sku价格)',
    `sku_num` STRING COMMENT '购买个数',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建时间',
    `source_type` STRING COMMENT '来源类型',
    `source_id` BIGINT COMMENT '来源编号',
    `split_total_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '分摊最终金额',
    `split_activity_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '分摊活动优惠',
    `split_coupon_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '摊优惠券优惠'
) COMMENT '订单明细表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_detail_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_payment_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_payment_info_full(
    `id` BIGINT COMMENT '编号',
    `out_trade_no` STRING COMMENT '对外业务编号',
    `order_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单编号',
    `user_id` BIGINT COMMENT '用户id',
    `payment_type` STRING COMMENT '支付类型(微信 支付宝)',
    `trade_no` STRING COMMENT '交易编号',
    `total_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '支付金额',
    `subject` STRING COMMENT '交易内容',
    `payment_status` STRING COMMENT '支付状态',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建时间',
    `callback_time` STRING COMMENT '回调时间',
    `callback_content` STRING COMMENT '回调信息'
) COMMENT '支付信息表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_payment_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_comment_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_comment_info_full(
    `id` BIGINT COMMENT '编号',
    `user_id` BIGINT COMMENT '用户id',
    `nick_name` STRING COMMENT '用户昵称',
    `head_img` STRING COMMENT 'head_img',
    `sku_id` BIGINT COMMENT 'skuid',
    `spu_id` BIGINT COMMENT '商品id',
    `order_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单编号',
    `appraise` STRING COMMENT '评价 1 好评 2 中评 3 差评',
    `comment_txt` STRING COMMENT '评价内容',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建时间',
    `operate_time` STRING COMMENT '修改时间'
) COMMENT '商品评论表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_comment_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_order_refund_info_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_order_refund_info_full(
    `id` BIGINT COMMENT '编号',
    `user_id` BIGINT COMMENT '用户id',
    `order_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单id',
    `sku_id` BIGINT COMMENT 'skuid',
    `refund_type` STRING COMMENT '退款类型',
    `refund_num` BIGINT COMMENT '退货件数',
    `refund_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '退款金额',
    `refund_reason_type` STRING COMMENT '原因类型',
    `refund_reason_txt` STRING COMMENT '原因内容',
    `refund_status` STRING COMMENT '退款状态(0:待审批 1:已退款)',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建时间'
) COMMENT '退单表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_refund_info_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_order_detail_activity_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_order_detail_activity_full(
    `id` BIGINT COMMENT '编号',
    `order_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单id',
    `order_detail_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单明细id',
    `activity_id` BIGINT COMMENT '活动ID',
    `activity_rule_id` BIGINT COMMENT '活动规则',
    `sku_id` BIGINT COMMENT 'skuID',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '获取时间'
) COMMENT '订单详情活动关联表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_detail_activity_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_order_detail_coupon_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_order_detail_coupon_full(
    `id` BIGINT COMMENT '编号',
    `order_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单id',
    `order_detail_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单明细id',
    `coupon_id` BIGINT COMMENT '购物券ID',
    `coupon_use_id` BIGINT COMMENT '购物券领用id',
    `sku_id` BIGINT COMMENT 'skuID',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '获取时间'
) COMMENT '订单明细购物券表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_detail_coupon_full/';

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dw_ods.ods_refund_payment_full;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE dw_ods.ods_refund_payment_full(
    `id` BIGINT COMMENT '编号',
    `out_trade_no` STRING COMMENT '对外业务编号',
    `order_id` BIGINT COMMENT '订单编号',
    `sku_id` BIGINT COMMENT 'sku_id',
    `payment_type` STRING COMMENT '支付类型(微信 支付宝)',
    `trade_no` STRING COMMENT '交易编号',
    `total_amount` DECIMAL(16,2) COMMENT '退款金额',
    `subject` STRING COMMENT '交易内容',
    `refund_status` STRING COMMENT '退款状态',
    `create_time` STRING COMMENT '创建时间',
    `callback_time` STRING COMMENT '回调时间',
    `callback_content` STRING COMMENT '回调信息'
) COMMENT '退款信息表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_refund_payment_full/';

2.1.2 业务增量表建表语句

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_order_info_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_order_info_inc (
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        consignee :STRING,
        consignee_tel :STRING,
        total_amount :DECIMAL(16, 2),
        order_status :STRING,
        user_id:STRING,
        payment_way :STRING,
        delivery_address :STRING,
        order_comment :STRING,
        out_trade_no :STRING,
        trade_body:STRING,
        create_time :STRING,
        operate_time :STRING,
        expire_time :STRING,
        process_status :STRING,
        tracking_no:STRING,
        parent_order_id :STRING,
        img_url :STRING,
        province_id :STRING,
        activity_reduce_amount:DECIMAL(16, 2),
        coupon_reduce_amount :DECIMAL(16, 2),
        original_total_amount :DECIMAL(16, 2),
        freight_fee:DECIMAL(16, 2),
        freight_fee_reduce :DECIMAL(16, 2),
        refundable_time :DECIMAL(16, 2)> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
) COMMENT '订单表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_info_inc/';
msck repair table ods_order_info_inc;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_coupon_use_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_coupon_use_inc(
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING, 
        coupon_id :STRING,
        user_id :STRING,
        order_id :STRING,
        coupon_status :STRING,
        get_time :STRING,
        using_time:STRING,
        used_time :STRING,expire_time :STRING, 
        create_time :STRING,
        operate_time :STRING> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
) COMMENT '优惠券领用表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_coupon_use_inc/';
msck repair table ods_coupon_use_inc;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_order_status_log_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_order_status_log_inc (
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        order_id :STRING,
        order_status :STRING,
        create_time :STRING,
        operate_time :STRING> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
)  COMMENT '订单状态表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_status_log_inc/';
msck repair table ods_order_status_log_inc;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_user_info_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_user_info_inc(
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        login_name :STRING,
        nick_name :STRING,
        passwd :STRING,
        name :STRING,
        phone_num :STRING,
        email:STRING,
        head_img :STRING,
        user_level :STRING,
        birthday :STRING,
        gender :STRING,
        create_time :STRING,
        operate_time:STRING,
        status :STRING> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
) COMMENT '用户表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_user_info_inc/';
msck repair table ods_user_info_inc;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_order_detail_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_order_detail_inc(
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        order_id :STRING,
        sku_id :STRING,
        sku_name :STRING,
        img_url :STRING,
        order_price:DECIMAL(16, 2),
        sku_num :BIGINT,
        create_time :STRING,
        source_type :STRING,
        source_id :STRING,
        split_total_amount:DECIMAL(16, 2),
        split_activity_amount :DECIMAL(16, 2),
        split_coupon_amount:DECIMAL(16, 2),
        operate_time :STRING> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,
    STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
) COMMENT '订单详情表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_detail_inc/';
msck repair table ods_order_detail_inc;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_payment_info_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_payment_info_inc(
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        out_trade_no :STRING,
        order_id :STRING,
        user_id :STRING,
        payment_type :STRING,
        trade_no:STRING,
        total_amount :DECIMAL(16, 2),
        subject :STRING,
        payment_status :STRING,
        create_time :STRING,
        callback_time:STRING,
        callback_content :STRING,
        operate_time :STRING> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
)  COMMENT '支付流水表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_payment_info_inc/';
msck repair table ods_payment_info_inc;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_comment_info_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_comment_info_inc(
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        user_id :STRING,
        nick_name :STRING,
        head_img :STRING,
        sku_id :STRING,
        spu_id :STRING,
        order_id :STRING,
        appraise :STRING,
        comment_txt :STRING,
        create_time :STRING,
        operate_time :STRING> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
) COMMENT '商品评论表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_comment_info_inc/';
msck repair table ods_comment_info_inc;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_order_refund_info_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_order_refund_info_inc(
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        user_id :STRING,
        order_id :STRING,
        sku_id :STRING,
        refund_type :STRING,
        refund_num :BIGINT,
        refund_amount:DECIMAL(16, 2),
        refund_reason_type :STRING,
        refund_reason_txt :STRING,
        refund_status :STRING,
        create_time:STRING,
        operate_time :STRING> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
) COMMENT '退单表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_refund_info_inc/';
msck repair table ods_order_refund_info_inc;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_order_detail_activity_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_order_detail_activity_inc(
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        order_id :STRING,
        order_detail_id :STRING,
        activity_id :STRING,
        activity_rule_id :STRING,
        sku_id:STRING,
        create_time :STRING, 
        operate_time :STRING> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
) COMMENT '订单详情活动关联表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_detail_activity_inc/';
msck repair table ods_order_detail_activity_inc;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_order_detail_coupon_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_order_detail_coupon_inc(
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        order_id :STRING,
        order_detail_id :STRING,
        coupon_id :STRING,
        coupon_use_id :STRING,
        sku_id:STRING,
        create_time :STRING, 
        operate_time :STRING> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
) COMMENT '订单详情活动关联表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_order_detail_coupon_inc/';
msck repair table ods_order_detail_coupon_inc;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_refund_payment_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_refund_payment_inc(
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        out_trade_no :STRING,
        order_id :STRING,
        sku_id :STRING,
        payment_type :STRING,
        trade_no :STRING,
        total_amount:DECIMAL(16, 2),
        subject :STRING,
        refund_status :STRING,
        create_time :STRING,
        callback_time :STRING,
        callback_content:STRING,
        operate_time :STRING> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
)  COMMENT '支付流水表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_refund_payment_inc/';
msck repair table ods_refund_payment_inc;

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `dw_ods.ods_cart_info_inc` (
    `type` STRING COMMENT '变动类型',
    `ts`   BIGINT COMMENT '变动时间',
    `data` STRUCT<id :STRING,
        user_id :STRING,
        sku_id :STRING,
        cart_price :DECIMAL(16, 2),
        sku_num :BIGINT,
        img_url :STRING,
        sku_name :STRING,
        is_checked :STRING,
        create_time :STRING,
        operate_time :STRING,
        is_ordered :STRING,
        order_time:STRING,
        source_type:STRING,
        source_id:BIGINT> COMMENT '数据',
    `old`  MAP<STRING,STRING> COMMENT '旧值'
) COMMENT '购物车增量表'
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_cart_info_inc/';

2.1.3 流量增量表建表语句

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ods_log_inc;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_log_inc (`line` string)
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` string)
LOCATION '/warehouse/dw_ods.db/ods_log_inc/';

2.2 数据装载

省份表和城市表只需首次导入一次,其他业务表需要每天都装载。

2.2.1 初始化装载省份和地区表

[hadoop@hadoop102 ~]$ hive -e "load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/base_province_full/2023-12-02' OVERWRITE into table dw_ods.ods_base_province;"
[hadoop@hadoop102 ~]$ hive -e "load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/base_region_full/2023-12-02' OVERWRITE into table dw_ods.ods_base_region;"

2.2.2 业务数据装载

注意1:要在Sqoop数据同步成功之后运行。
注意2:crontab无法直接处理任务依赖关系!
TODO:如何判定Sqoop同步成功???? 如何在其成功后运行???

(1) 开发脚本
[hadoop@hadoop102 ~]$ cd /home/hadoop/bin/
[hadoop@hadoop102 bin]$ vim hdfs_to_ods_db.sh

脚本内容:

#!/bin/bash

APP=dw_ods

# 如果是输入的日期按照取输入日期;如果没输入日期取当前时间的前一天
if [ -n "$2" ] ;then
    do_date=$2
else 
    do_date=`date -d "-1 day" +%F`
fi

sku_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/sku_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_sku_info_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
base_category1_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/base_category1_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_category1_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
base_category2_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/base_category2_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_category2_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
base_category3_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/base_category3_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_category3_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
base_trademark_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/base_trademark_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_trademark_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
spu_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/spu_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_spu_info_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
favor_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/favor_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_favor_info_full partition(dt='$do_date'); "
cart_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/cart_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_cart_info_full partition(dt='$do_date'); "
coupon_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/coupon_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_coupon_info_full partition(dt='$do_date'); "
activity_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/activity_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_activity_info_full partition(dt='$do_date'); "
activity_rule_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/activity_rule_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_activity_rule_full partition(dt='$do_date'); "
base_dic_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/base_dic_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_dic_full partition(dt='$do_date'); "
sku_attr_value_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/sku_attr_value_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_sku_attr_value_full partition(dt='$do_date'); "
sku_sale_attr_value_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/sku_sale_attr_value_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_sku_sale_attr_value_full partition(dt='$do_date'); "
user_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/user_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_user_info_full partition(dt='$do_date');"

order_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_info_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
coupon_use_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/coupon_use_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_coupon_use_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
order_status_log_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_status_log_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_status_log_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
order_detail_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_detail_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_detail_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
payment_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/payment_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_payment_info_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
comment_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/comment_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_comment_info_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
order_refund_info_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_refund_info_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_refund_info_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
order_detail_activity_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_detail_activity_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_detail_activity_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
order_detail_coupon_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_detail_coupon_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_detail_coupon_full partition(dt='$do_date');"
refund_payment_full="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/refund_payment_full/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_refund_payment_full partition(dt='$do_date');"



order_info_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_info_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_info_inc partition(dt='$do_date'); "
coupon_use_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/coupon_use_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_coupon_use_inc partition(dt='$do_date'); "
order_status_log_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_status_log_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_status_log_inc partition(dt='$do_date');" 
user_info_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/user_info_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_user_info_inc partition(dt='$do_date'); "
order_detail_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_detail_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_detail_inc partition(dt='$do_date'); "
payment_info_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/payment_info_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_payment_info_inc partition(dt='$do_date'); "
comment_info_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/comment_info_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_comment_info_inc partition(dt='$do_date'); "
order_refund_info_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_refund_info_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_refund_info_inc partition(dt='$do_date'); "
order_detail_activity_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_detail_activity_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_detail_activity_inc partition(dt='$do_date'); "
order_detail_coupon_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/order_detail_coupon_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_detail_coupon_inc partition(dt='$do_date');"
refund_payment_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/refund_payment_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_refund_payment_inc partition(dt='$do_date');"
cart_info_inc="load data inpath '/warehouse/db/gmall/cart_info_inc/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_cart_info_inc partition(dt='$do_date');"


case $1 in
    "sku_info_full"){
        hive -e "$sku_info_full"
    };;
    "base_category1_full"){
        hive -e "$base_category1_full"
    };;
    "base_category2_full"){
        hive -e "$base_category2_full"
    };;
    "base_category3_full"){
        hive -e "$base_category3_full"
    };;
    "base_trademark_full"){
        hive -e "$base_trademark_full"
    };;
    "spu_info_full"){
        hive -e "$spu_info_full"
    };;
    "favor_info_full"){
        hive -e "$favor_info_full"
    };;
    "cart_info_full"){
        hive -e "$cart_info_full"
    };;
    "coupon_info_full"){
        hive -e "$coupon_info_full"
    };;
    "activity_info_full"){
        hive -e "$activity_info_full"
    };;
    "activity_rule_full"){
        hive -e "$activity_rule_full"
    };;
    "base_dic_full"){
        hive -e "$base_dic_full"
    };;
    "sku_attr_value_full"){
        hive -e "$sku_attr_value_full"
    };;
    "sku_sale_attr_value_full"){
        hive -e "$sku_sale_attr_value_full"
    };;
    "user_info_full"){
        hive -e "$user_info_full"
    };;
    "order_info_full"){
        hive -e "$order_info_full"
    };;
    "coupon_use_full"){
        hive -e "$coupon_use_full"
    };;
    "order_status_log_full"){
        hive -e "$order_status_log_full"
    };;
    "order_detail_full"){
        hive -e "$order_detail_full"
    };;
    "payment_info_full"){
        hive -e "$payment_info_full"
    };;
    "comment_info_full"){
        hive -e "$comment_info_full"
    };;
    "order_refund_info_full"){
        hive -e "$order_refund_info_full"
    };;
    "order_detail_activity_full"){
        hive -e "$order_detail_activity_full"
    };;
    "order_detail_coupon_full"){
        hive -e "$order_detail_coupon_full"
    };;
    "refund_payment_full"){
        hive -e "$refund_payment_full"
    };;
    "order_info_inc"){
        hive -e "$order_info_inc"
    };;
    "coupon_use_inc"){
        hive -e "$coupon_use_inc"
    };;
    "order_status_log_inc"){
        hive -e "$order_status_log_inc"
    };;
    "user_info_inc"){
        hive -e "$user_info_inc"
    };;
    "order_detail_inc"){
        hive -e "$order_detail_inc"
    };;
    "payment_info_inc"){
        hive -e "$payment_info_inc"
    };;
    "comment_info_inc"){
        hive -e "$comment_info_inc"
    };;
    "order_refund_info_inc"){
        hive -e "$order_refund_info_inc"
    };;
    "order_detail_activity_inc"){
        hive -e "$order_detail_activity_inc"
    };;
    "order_detail_coupon_inc"){
        hive -e "$order_detail_coupon_inc"
    };;
    "refund_payment_inc"){
        hive -e "$refund_payment_inc"
    };;
    "cart_info_inc"){
        hive -e "$cart_info_inc"
    };;
    "all"){
        hive -e "$sku_info_full$base_category1_full$base_category2_full$base_category3_full$base_trademark_full$spu_info_full$favor_info_full$cart_info_full$coupon_info_full$activity_info_full$activity_rule_full$base_dic_full$sku_attr_value_full$sku_sale_attr_value_full$user_info_full$order_info_full$coupon_use_full$order_status_log_full$order_detail_full$payment_info_full$comment_info_full$order_refund_info_full$order_detail_activity_full$order_detail_coupon_full$refund_payment_full$order_info_inc$coupon_use_inc$order_status_log_inc$user_info_inc$order_detail_inc$payment_info_inc$comment_info_inc$order_refund_info_inc$order_detail_activity_inc$order_detail_coupon_inc$refund_payment_inc$cart_info_inc"
    };;
esac
(2) 授予脚本执行权限
[hadoop@hadoop102 bin]$ chmod +x hdfs_to_ods_db.sh
(3) 定时调度

每天凌晨3点装载业务数据

[hadoop@hadoop102 ~]$ crontab -e

新增内容:

# 每天凌晨3点装载业务数据
0 3 * * * hdfs_to_ods_db.sh all

2.2.3 日志数据装载

(1) 开发脚本
[hadoop@hadoop102 ~]$ cd /home/hadoop/bin/
[hadoop@hadoop102 bin]$ vim hdfs_to_ods_log.sh

脚本内容:

#!/bin/bash

# 如果是输入的日期按照取输入日期;如果没输入日期取当前时间的前一天
if [ -n "$1" ] ;then
   do_date=$1
else 
   do_date=`date -d "-1 day" +%F`
fi 

echo ================== 日志日期为 $do_date ==================
sql="
load data inpath '/warehouse/applog/gmall/tracking_log/$do_date' into table dw_ods.ods_log_inc partition(dt='$do_date');
"

hive -e "$sql"
(2) 授予脚本执行权限
[hadoop@hadoop102 bin]$ chmod +x hdfs_to_ods_log.sh
(3) 定时调度

凌晨3点执行,要等昨天的日志数据同步完成。
关键是保证白天时数仓能查到昨天分区的数据。

[hadoop@hadoop102 ~]$ crontab -e

新增内容:

# 每天凌晨3点装载用户日志数据增量表
0 3 * * * hdfs_to_ods_log.sh
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回溯算法是一种解决问题的算法思想,它通过不断地尝试所有可能的解决方案来寻找问题的最优解。而装载问题是回溯算法的一个经典应用,它是指在给定一些集装箱和一艘载重量为C的轮船的情况下,如何将这些集装箱装载到轮船上,使得轮船的载重量最大。 具体来说,装载问题可以通过回溯算法来解决。我们可以定义一个递归函数来尝试所有可能的装载方案,每次递归时,我们可以选择将当前集装箱装载到轮船上或者不装载,然后继续递归下去。当所有集装箱都被考虑过后,我们就可以得到一个装载方案,然后比较这个方案的载重量和当前最优解的载重量,如果更优则更新最优解。 下面是一个简单的装载问题的回溯算法实现: ```c #include <stdio.h> #define MAX_N 100 int n; // 集装箱数量 int c; // 轮船载重量 int w[MAX_N]; // 集装箱重量 int best[MAX_N]; // 当前最优解 int cur[MAX_N]; // 当前解 int cur_weight; // 当前载重量 int best_weight; // 当前最优解的载重量 void backtrack(int i) { if (i == n) { // 所有集装箱都被考虑过 if (cur_weight > best_weight) { // 更新最优解 best_weight = cur_weight; for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { best[j] = cur[j]; } } return; } if (cur_weight + w[i] <= c) { // 装载当前集装箱 cur[i] = 1; cur_weight += w[i]; backtrack(i + 1); cur_weight -= w[i]; } cur[i] = 0; // 不装载当前集装箱 backtrack(i + 1); } int main() { scanf("%d%d", &n, &c); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { scanf("%d", &w[i]); } backtrack(0); printf("最大载重量为:%d\n", best_weight); printf("装载方案为:"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (best[i]) { printf("%d ", i + 1); } } printf("\n"); return 0; } ``` 在这个实现中,我们使用了一个数组`cur`来记录当前的解,使用`cur_weight`来记录当前的载重量,使用`best`来记录当前最优解,使用`best_weight`来记录当前最优解的载重量。在回溯函数`backtrack`中,我们首先判断是否可以装载当前集装箱,如果可以则装载,然后递归下去;如果不可以则不装载,然后递归下去。当所有集装箱都被考虑过后,我们就可以得到一个装载方案,然后比较这个方案的载重量和当前最优解的载重量,如果更优则更新最优解。

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