一、Tomcat简介
Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会(Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta
项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持,最新的Servlet 和JSP
规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现,Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat
技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web
应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP
程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache
服务器,可利用它响应HTML(标准通用标记语言下的一个应用)页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache
服务器的扩展,但运行时它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是,当配置正确时,Apache 为HTML页面服务,而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP
页面和Servlet。另外,Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样,具有处理HTML页面的功能,另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器,独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过,Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0。
tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一,tomcat本身是一个容器,专门用来运行java程序,java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中。而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
tomcat应用场景:lnmt
二、tomcat项目部署
// 关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@tomcat ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@tomcat ~]# setenforce 0
2.1 java环境安装
//安装jdk环境
[root@tomcat ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
//查看安装的版本
[root@tomcat ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_242"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_242-b08)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.242-b08, mixed mode)
2.2 tomcat部署
上官网下载tomcat
// 下载Tomcat
[root@tomcat ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@tomcat src]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.54/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.54.tar.gz
//解压部署
[root@tomcat src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.54.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@tomcat src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.54.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tomcat src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@tomcat local]# ln -sv apache-tomcat-9.0.54/ tomcat
'tomcat' -> 'apache-tomcat-9.0.54/'
[root@tomcat local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 220 10月 18 02:28 apache-tomcat-9.0.54
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 3月 1 2021 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 src
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 10月 18 02:29 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-9.0.54/
//写一个hello world的java页面,家目录下创建index.jsp 用来创建java默认页面
[root@tomcat ~]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("Hello Wjj");
%>
</body>
</html>
// 创建网站位置,把index.jsp复制到/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test中
[root@tomcat ~]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
[root@tomcat ~]# cp index.jsp /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
[root@tomcat ~]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 141 10月 18 02:32 index.jsp
//启动tomcat
[root@tomcat ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@tomcat ~]# ps -ef|grep tomcat
avahi 1003 1 0 02:19 ? 00:00:00 avahi-daemon: running [tomcat.local]
root 60828 1 20 02:33 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 61160 5767 0 02:34 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[root@tomcat ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
在浏览器上浏览网页
2.3 tomcat管理界面的配置
[root@tomcat ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@tomcat tomcat]# ls webapps/
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT test
[root@tomcat tomcat]# cd conf/
[root@tomcat conf]# vim tomcat-users.xml
55 -->
56 <role rolename="manager-gui"/> //添加此行
57 <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui"/ > // 添加此行
58 </tomcat-users>
// 修改配置文件,将IP加入 \d表示数字至少一个,因为需要转译,所以加\
[root@tomcat conf]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
21 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
22 allow="192\.168\.47\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0: 0:0:0 :0:1" />
// 重启Tomcat
[root@tomcat ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
[root@tomcat ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@tomcat ~]# ps -aux |grep tomcat
avahi 1003 0.0 0.2 82752 4792 ? Ss 02:19 0:00 avahi-daemon: running [tomcat.local]
root 105015 0.0 0.0 12320 1060 pts/0 S+ 02:55 0:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[root@tomcat ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@tomcat ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
再登录访问
[root@tomcat ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
55 -->
56 <role rolename="admin-gui"/> // 添加此行
57 <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
58 <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/> //在后面添加,admin-gui
59 </tomcat-users>
[root@tomcat ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
21 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
22 allow="192\.168\.47\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0: 0:0:0:0:1" />
// 重启Tomcat
[root@tomcat ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
[root@tomcat ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@tomcat ~]# ps -aux |grep tomcat
avahi 1003 0.0 0.2 82752 4792 ? Ss 02:19 0:00 avahi-daemon: running [tomcat.local]
root 147334 0.0 0.0 12320 1080 pts/0 S+ 03:16 0:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[root@tomcat ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@tomcat ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*