运算符重载:
对已有运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同数据类型。
加号运算符重载:
作用:实现两个自定义数据类型相加。
1.成员函数重载
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class person{
public:
person operator+(person &p)//成员函数重载
{ person p1;
p1.m_a=this->m_a+p.m_a;
p1.m_b=this->m_b+p.m_b;
return p1;
}
int m_a;
int m_b;
};
person test(person &a,person &b){//全局函数重载
person c;
c.m_a=a.m_a+b.m_a;
c.m_b=a.m_b+b.m_b;
return c;
}
int main(){
person a;
a.m_a=10;
a.m_b=20;
person b;
b.m_a=10;
b.m_b=20;
cout<<(a+b).m_a<<(a+b).m_b<<endl;成员函数重载调用。
cout<<test(a,b).m_a<<test(a,b).m_b<<endl;全局函数重载调用。
}
左移运算符:<<
作用:输出自定义的数据类型。
利用成员函数重载<< p.operator<<(cout) 简化为p<<cout
不能利用成员函数重载使cout在左侧;
只能用全局函数重载<<
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class person{
private:
int m_a;
int m_b;
public:
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout,person &p);
person(int a,int b){
m_a=a;
m_b=b;
}
person();
~person(){
}//定义析构函数
};
ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout,person &p){
cout<<p.m_a<<p.m_b;
return cout;//cout属于输出流类ostream
}
int main(){
person a(10,20);
cout<<a<<endl;
}
friend void operator<<(ostream &cout,person &p);//友元函数
void operator<<(ostream &cout,person &p){
cout<<p.m_a<<p.m_b;
}
int main(){
person a(10,20);
cout<<a;
cout<<endl;
}
若重载函数无返回值,则不能链式编程,即连续输出。
递增运算符:
前置,后置:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class person{
private:
int m_a;
int m_b;
public:
person(int a,int b){
m_a=a;
m_b=b;
}
person() {};
~person(){};
person& operator++(){
m_a++;
m_b++;
return *this;
}
person operator++(int)//int表示占位参数,可以用于区分前置和后置递增 且返回值为值,不为引用。
{person temp=*this;
m_a++;
m_b++;
return temp; }
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &cout,const person &p);
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream &cout,const person & p)
{
cout<<p.m_a<<p.m_b;
return cout;
}
int main(){
person a(10,20);
cout<<a<<endl;
cout<<++a<<endl;
}
赋值运算符重载:
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值操作会出现深浅拷贝问题。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class person{
private:
int *m_a;
public:
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout,const person &p);
person(int a){
m_a=new int (a);
}
person(){
}
~person(){//注意与平常构造函数与析构函数区别
if(m_a!=0){
delete m_a;
m_a=0;
}}
person& operator=(const person&p){//赋值运算符重载
m_a=new int(*p.m_a);
return *this;
}
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout,const person &p){//左移运算符重载
cout<<*p.m_a<<” “ ;
return cout;
}
int main(){
person a(10),b(20),c(18);
c=b=a;
cout<<a<<b<<c<<endl;
}