五篇教你掌握spring之五:Spring与mybatis的整合以及事务的织入

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最新推荐文章于 2023-02-28 12:50:08 发布

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Spring与mybatis的整合以及事务的织入

整合Mybatis

创建依赖

我们需要用到junit，mysql驱动，mybatis，spring-webmvc，spring-jdbc，aspectjweaver

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.22</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

复习Mybatis

设置maven的静态资源过滤（否则后面会出现找不到mapper.xml）

<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>false</filtering>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>false</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</build>

新建User实体类（注意：与数据库中user表的字段对应）

package com.lwh.pojo;

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPwd() {
        return pwd;
    }

    public void setPwd(String pwd) {
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

新建一个UserMapper接口

package com.lwh.mapper;

import com.lwh.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;

public interface UserMapper {
    public List<User> selectUser();
}

编写UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.lwh.mapper.UserMapper">

    <select id="selectUser" resultType="User">
        select * from user;
    </select>
</mapper>

编写mybatis的配置文件mybatis-config.xml，并且绑定UserMapper.xml（切记）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    
    <!--设置别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.lwh.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>
    
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="123456"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <!--每一个xml都要注册-->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/lwh/mapper/UserMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

编写测试类

@org.junit.Test
public void t1() throws IOException {
    String resources="mybatis-config.xml";
    InputStream asStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resources);
    SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(asStream);

    SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    List<User> users = mapper.selectUser();
    for (User user : users) {
        System.out.println(user);
    }
    /**输出：
    *	User{id=1, name='a', pwd='12345'}
	*	User{id=2, name='b', pwd='123455'}
	*/
    sqlSession.close();
}

逐步整合Spring与mybatis

Spring的宗旨在于将对象的创建和管理交给框架，我们要用的时候直接进去拿就是了，所以在Mybatis中多次出现的new关键字是不被允许的，所以MyBatis的所有关键对象的操作，全部交给spring来做，说白了，也就是bean的配置

方式一

在Spring配置文件中编写数据源配置

<!--配置数据源，使用spring的数据源替换mybatis的配置，使用的就是Spring框架提供的JDBC，这就是为什么我们之前要导入spring-jdbc的原因-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
    <property name="username" value="root"/>
    <property name="password" value="123456"/>
</bean>

将MyBatis的sqlSessionFactory交给Spring进行托管，也就是创建一个bean

<!--创建SqlSessionFactory-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    <!--绑定mybatis的配置文件-->
    <!--这句话就代表这个sqlSessionFactory已经和spring和它自己的配置文件连起来了-->
    <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
    <!--这句话代表绑定mapper，这样mybatis 的配置文件中就不需要绑定mapper了-->
    <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/lwh/mapper/*.xml"/>
</bean>

将MyBatis的sqlSessionTemplate交给Spring进行托管，创建一个bean

<!--创建sqlSessionTemplate也就是我们在mybatis中用到的SqlSession-->
<bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
    <!--只能通过构造器赋值，查看源码可以看见SqlSessionTemplate中有一个有参构造器，而且需要传入SqlSessionFactory-->
    <constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
</bean>

需要给接口加实现类UserMapperImpl继承接口UserMapper

package com.lwh.mapper;

import com.lwh.pojo.User;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;

import java.util.List;

public class UserMapperImpl implements UserMapper{

    private SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession;

    //给spring一个注入的接口set方法
    public void setSqlSession(SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession) {
        this.sqlSession = sqlSession;
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> selectUser() {
        UserMapper mapper=sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        return mapper.selectUser();
    }
}

再将这个类送给Spring 进行托管

<!--Spring托管实现类-->
<bean id="userMapper" class="com.lwh.mapper.UserMapperImpl">
    <property name="sqlSession" ref="sqlSession"/>
</bean>

测试

@org.junit.Test
    public void t1() throws IOException {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringApplication.xml");
        UserMapper userMapper = context.getBean("userMapper", UserMapper.class);
        List<User> users = userMapper.selectUser();
        for (User user : users) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
        /**
         * User{id=1, name='a', pwd='12345'}
         * User{id=2, name='b', pwd='123455'}
         */
    }

方式二（在方式一的基础上精简了一些)

前两部相同，第三步我们可以不用将SqlSession交给Spring托管，也就是不用配置sqlsession的bean，直接写实现类

UserMapperImpl2

package com.lwh.mapper;

import com.lwh.pojo.User;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.support.SqlSessionDaoSupport;

import java.util.List;

public class UserMapperImpl2 extends SqlSessionDaoSupport implements UserMapper {

    /**
     * SqlSessionDaoSupport这个父类，已经帮我们实现了sqlsesion的获取
     * 但是SqlSessionDaoSupport这个父类仍然要获取SqlSessionFactory这个对象，所以SqlSessionFactory的创建是必不可少的
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public List<User> selectUser() {
        return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class).selectUser();
    }
}

将这个实现类交给Spring去托管

<!--Spring托管方式二的实现类-->
<bean id="userMapper2" class="com.lwh.mapper.UserMapperImpl2">
    <property name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
</bean>

测试

@org.junit.Test
public void t2(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringApplication.xml");
    UserMapper userMapper2 = context.getBean("userMapper2", UserMapper.class);
    for (User user : userMapper2.selectUser()) {
        System.out.println(user);
    }
    /**
     * 输出：
     * User{id=1, name='a', pwd='12345'}
     * User{id=2, name='b', pwd='123455'}
     */
}

声明式事务

事务：

要么都成功，要么都失败
事务在项目开发中，十分重要，涉及到数据的一致性问题
保证完整性和一致性

事务ACID原则

原子性
一致性
隔离性
- 多个业务可能操作同一个资源，防止数据被损坏
持久性
- 事务一旦提交，将写入物理文件，持久化保存数据

例如

编写pojo类

package com.lwh.pojo;

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;

    public User(){

    }
    public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPwd() {
        return pwd;
    }

    public void setPwd(String pwd) {
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

导入maven依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.22</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>false</filtering>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>false</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</build>

编写Spring与mybatis整合的配置文件Spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">

    <!--配置数据源，使用spring的数据源替换mybatis的配置，使用的就是Spring框架提供的JDBC，这就是为什么我们之前要导入spring-jdbc的原因-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="123456"/>
    </bean>

    <!--创建SqlSessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--绑定mybatis的配置文件-->
        <!--这句话就代表这个sqlSessionFactory已经和spring和它自己的配置文件连起来了-->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
        <!--这句话代表绑定mapper，这样mybatis 的配置文件中就不需要绑定mapper了-->
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/lwh/mapper/*.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!--创建sqlSessionTemplate也就是我们在mybatis中用到的SqlSession，这一步在第二种实现方法中可以省略！！！-->
    <bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
        <!--只能通过构造器赋值，查看源码可以看见SqlSessionTemplate中有一个有参构造器，而且需要传入SqlSessionFactory-->
        <constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

编写SpringApplicationbean配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">
    <import resource="Spring-dao.xml"/>
    <bean id="userMapperImpl" class="com.lwh.mapper.UserMapperImpl">
        <property name="sqlSession" ref="sqlSession"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

写UserMapper接口

package com.lwh.mapper;

import com.lwh.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;

public interface UserMapper {
    //增加
    public void add(User user);
    //删除
    public void delete(int id);
    //修改
    public void update(User user);
    //查
    public List<User> query();

}

编写UserMapper.xml

注意！这里有一个错误，“deletes”！为了测试需要，我们需要知道没有配置事务的时候执行错误会怎么样

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.lwh.mapper.UserMapper">

    <select id="query" resultType="User">
        select * from user;
    </select>

    <insert id="add" parameterType="User">
        insert into user(id,name,pwd) values (#{id},#{name},#{pwd})
    </insert>

    <delete id="delete" parameterType="int">
        deletes from user where id=#{id}
    </delete>
</mapper>

编写Mybatis-config配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.lwh.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>
</configuration>

编写UserMapperImpl

package com.lwh.mapper;

import com.lwh.pojo.User;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;

import java.util.List;

public class UserMapperImpl implements UserMapper{

    private SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession;

    //给spring一个注入的接口set方法
    public void setSqlSession(SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession) {
        this.sqlSession = sqlSession;
    }

    @Override
    public void add(User user) {

        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);

        mapper.add(user);

        mapper.delete(3);
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(int id) {

    }

    @Override
    public void update(User user) {

    }

    @Override
    public List<User> query() {
        return null;
    }
}

编写测试类

数据库原来有id为1，2的两个人，我要往其中插入一个id为3的人，然后再删除他

import com.lwh.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.lwh.mapper.UserMapperImpl;
import com.lwh.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

    @org.junit.Test
    public void t1(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringApplication.xml");
        UserMapper userMapperImpl = context.getBean("userMapperImpl", UserMapper.class);
        userMapperImpl.add(new User(3,"李华","12345"));
    }
}

结果分析

果不其然，报了一个错误

You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ‘deletes from user where id=3’ at line 1

因为我的delete语句写错了，所以报了这个错，我们希望的是这一个方法执行后，如果其中有错误，那么其它对数据库进行的操作也需要失效，要符合一致性，不能半正确一般错误，这样很显然不合理，那么我们需要在Spring中进行事务的声明

我们对代码做出修改

修改Spring-dao.xml,增加如下代码

<!--结合AOP实现事务的织入-->
<!--配置事务的通知-->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transationManager">
    <tx:attributes>
        <!--propagation表示事务的传播性-->
        <tx:method name="add" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        <tx:method name="delete" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        <tx:method name="update" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        <tx:method name="query" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        <!--一般只需要配置以下语句，示例代码表示可以配置某个方法-->
        <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
    </tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>

<aop:config>
    <aop:pointcut id="txPointCut" expression="execution(* com.lwh.mapper.*.*(..))"/>
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"/>
</aop:config>