Leetcode力扣 MySQL数据库 1369 获取最近第二次的活动

1369 获取最近第二次的活动

SQL架构

Create table If Not Exists UserActivity_1369 (username varchar(30), activity varchar(30), startDate date, endDate date);
Truncate table UserActivity_1369;
insert into UserActivity_1369 (username, activity, startDate, endDate) values ('Alice', 'Travel', '2020-02-12', '2020-02-20');
insert into UserActivity_1369 (username, activity, startDate, endDate) values ('Alice', 'Dancing', '2020-02-21', '2020-02-23');
insert into UserActivity_1369 (username, activity, startDate, endDate) values ('Alice', 'Travel', '2020-02-24', '2020-02-28');
insert into UserActivity_1369 (username, activity, startDate, endDate) values ('Bob', 'Travel', '2020-02-11', '2020-02-18');

表: UserActivity

+---------------+---------+
| Column Name   | Type    |
+---------------+---------+
| username      | varchar |
| activity      | varchar |
| startDate     | Date    |
| endDate       | Date    |
+---------------+---------+
该表不包含主键
该表包含每个用户在一段时间内进行的活动的信息
名为 username 的用户在 startDate 到 endDate 日内有一次活动
 

写一条SQL查询展示每一位用户 最近第二次 的活动

如果用户仅有一次活动，返回该活动

一个用户不能同时进行超过一项活动，以 任意 顺序返回结果

下面是查询结果格式的例子：

UserActivity 表:
+------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| username   | activity     | startDate   | endDate     |
+------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alice      | Travel       | 2020-02-12  | 2020-02-20  |
| Alice      | Dancing      | 2020-02-21  | 2020-02-23  |
| Alice      | Travel       | 2020-02-24  | 2020-02-28  |
| Bob        | Travel       | 2020-02-11  | 2020-02-18  |
+------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+

Result 表:
+------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| username   | activity     | startDate   | endDate     |
+------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alice      | Dancing      | 2020-02-21  | 2020-02-23  |
| Bob        | Travel       | 2020-02-11  | 2020-02-18  |
+------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+

Alice 最近一次的活动是从 2020-02-24 到 2020-02-28 的旅行, 在此之前的 2020-02-21 到 2020-02-23 她进行了舞蹈
Bob 只有一条记录，我们就取这条记录

解题

select u.*
from UserActivity_1369 u
where (u.username, u.startDate) in 
(
    select a.username, max(a.startDate) 
    from UserActivity_1369 a 
    where (a.username, a.startDate) not in (
        select b.username, max(b.startDate)
        from UserActivity_1369 b
        group by b.username
        having count(b.username) > 1
    ) 
    group by a.username
);