内存中对象的工具-jmap

命令jmap是一个多功能的命令。它可以生成 java 程序的 dump 文件， 也可以查看堆内对象示例的统计信息、查看 ClassLoader 的信息以及 finalizer 队列。

使用方法

[root@localhost ~]# jmap -help
Usage:
    jmap [option] <pid>
        (to connect to running process)
    jmap [option] <executable <core>
        (to connect to a core file)
    jmap [option] [server_id@]<remote server IP or hostname>
        (to connect to remote debug server)

where <option> is one of:
    <none>               to print same info as Solaris pmap
    -heap                to print java heap summary
    -histo[:live]        to print histogram of java object heap; if the "live"
                         suboption is specified, only count live objects
    -clstats             to print class loader statistics
    -finalizerinfo       to print information on objects awaiting finalization
    -dump:<dump-options> to dump java heap in hprof binary format
                         dump-options:
                           live         dump only live objects; if not specified,
                                        all objects in the heap are dumped.
                           format=b     binary format
                           file=<file>  dump heap to <file>
                         Example: jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=heap.bin <pid>
    -F                   force. Use with -dump:<dump-options> <pid> or -histo
                         to force a heap dump or histogram when <pid> does not
                         respond. The "live" suboption is not supported
                         in this mode.
    -h | -help           to print this help message
    -J<flag>             to pass <flag> directly to the runtime system

参数：

• option： 选项参数。
• pid： 需要打印配置信息的进程ID。
• executable： 产生核心dump的Java可执行文件。
• core： 需要打印配置信息的核心文件。
• server-id 可选的唯一id，如果相同的远程主机上运行了多台调试服务器，用此选项参数标识服务器。
• remote server IP or hostname 远程调试服务器的IP地址或主机名。

option

• no option： 查看进程的内存映像信息,类似 Solaris pmap 命令。
• heap： 显示Java堆详细信息
• histo[:live]： 显示堆中对象的统计信息
• clstats：打印类加载器信息
• finalizerinfo： 显示在F-Queue队列等待Finalizer线程执行finalizer方法的对象
• dump:：生成堆转储快照
• F： 当-dump没有响应时，使用-dump或者-histo参数. 在这个模式下,live子参数无效.
• help：打印帮助信息
• J：指定传递给运行jmap的JVM的参数

查看堆信息

jmap(jmap -heap PID)
启动一个springboot项目，使用Jps查看进程，使用jmap -heap 进程ID查看堆信息。

[root@localhost ~]# jmap -heap 1985
Attaching to process ID 1985, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Server compiler detected.
JVM version is 25.252-b09

using thread-local object allocation.
Parallel GC with 2 thread(s)

Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio         = 0
   MaxHeapFreeRatio         = 100
   MaxHeapSize              = 1065353216 (1016.0MB)
   NewSize                  = 22020096 (21.0MB)
   MaxNewSize               = 354942976 (338.5MB)
   OldSize                  = 45088768 (43.0MB)
   NewRatio                 = 2
   SurvivorRatio            = 8
   MetaspaceSize            = 21807104 (20.796875MB)
   CompressedClassSpaceSize = 1073741824 (1024.0MB)
   MaxMetaspaceSize         = 17592186044415 MB
   G1HeapRegionSize         = 0 (0.0MB)

Heap Usage:
PS Young Generation
Eden Space:
   capacity = 131072000 (125.0MB)
   used     = 8751104 (8.345703125MB)
   free     = 122320896 (116.654296875MB)
   6.6765625% used
From Space:
   capacity = 4194304 (4.0MB)
   used     = 4161584 (3.9687957763671875MB)
   free     = 32720 (0.0312042236328125MB)
   99.21989440917969% used
To Space:
   capacity = 5242880 (5.0MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 5242880 (5.0MB)
   0.0% used
PS Old Generation
   capacity = 31981568 (30.5MB)
   used     = 6904608 (6.584747314453125MB)
   free     = 25076960 (23.915252685546875MB)
   21.58933545722336% used

11293 interned Strings occupying 989816 bytes.

操作系统信息：

[root@localhost ~]# top
top - 03:10:41 up 39 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
Tasks: 114 total,   2 running, 112 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.2 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.8 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :  4158308 total,  3171288 free,   449576 used,   537444 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2097148 free,        0 used.  3471820 avail Mem 

jmap -histo PID查看对象内存占用情况

jmap -histo PID 查看对内对象占用空间大小，有高到低排序

C:\Users\admin>jmap -histo:live 15368
 num     #instances         #bytes  class name (module)
-------------------------------------------------------
   1:         18585        9338256  [B (java.base@11.0.5)
   2:          1463        1413320  [I (java.base@11.0.5)
   3:          4159         496272  java.lang.Class (java.base@11.0.5)
   4:          4855         424856  [Ljava.lang.Object; (java.base@11.0.5)
   5:         17549         421176  java.lang.String (java.base@11.0.5)
   6:         10657         341024  java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap$Node (java.base@11.0.5)
   7:           222         169200  [C (java.base@11.0.5)
   8:          3833         122656  java.util.HashMap$Node (java.base@11.0.5)
   9:          6607         105712  java.lang.Object (java.base@11.0.5)
   其中关于I、B、C等的说明如下 Table 4.2.

BaseType Character	Type	Interpretation
B	byte	signed byte
C	char	Unicode character
D	double	double-precision floating-point value
F	float	single-precision floating-point value
I	int	integer
J	long	long integer
L<classname>;	reference	an instance of class de><classname>de>
S	short	signed short
Z	boolean	de>truede> or de>falsede>
[	reference	one array dimension

jmap -permstat 查看永久代

打印一些持久代上的内存使用状态，有“活”的，有“死”的。