Filter过滤器
一.Filter什么是过滤器
Filter过滤器它是JavaWeb的三大组件之一,三大组件分别是:Servlet程序、Listener监听器、Filter过滤器
Filter过滤器它是JavaEE的规划,也是接口
Filter过滤器它的作用是:请求拦截
- 拦截请求常见的有:权限检查、日记操作、事物管理等等
二.Filter过滤器拦截
在WEB-INF的目录下,有很多资源,如html、jsp、txt、jpg等,都必须是用户登录之后才允许访问
简单的实现不用Filter过滤器就是可以看Session中是否包含用户登录信息即可
先从jsp文件里面进行Session的判断,是否有用户的Cookie信息,但这种只能在jsp文件里面而html是不能写Java代码的
这就需要到Filter过滤器
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 程序员小徐同学
Date: 2022-01-12
Time: 16:41
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Cookie</title>
<base href="http://localhost:8888/day2/">
<style type="text/css">
ul li {
list-style: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>开始了新的测试</h3>
<%
Object user = session.getAttribute("user");
if (user == null) {
request.getRequestDispatcher("/loGin.jsp").forward(request,response);
return;
}
%>
这是index.jsp页面
</body>
</html>
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 86176
Date: 2022-01-12
Time: 16:50
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>这是登录页面</h4>
<form>
用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密 码: <input type="password" name="password" value=""><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Filter过滤器执行的方式
获取用户Cookie
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 86176
Date: 2022-01-12
Time: 16:50
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>这是登录页面</h4>
<form action="http://localhost:8888/day2/loginServlet" method="get">
用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密 码: <input type="password" name="password" value=""><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
配置下的Servlet响应
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;character=UTF-8");
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
if ("root".equals(username) && "root".equals(password)){
req.getSession().setAttribute("user",username);
resp.getWriter().write("登录成功");
} else {
req.getRequestDispatcher("/loGin.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
}
}
给Servlet程序配置和Filter过滤器也进行配置,配置Filter就是要拦截的目标路径
<!--Filter标签用于配置一个Filter过滤器-->
<filter>
<!--给Filter起一个别名-->
<filter-name>imFilter</filter-name>
<!--配置Filter的全类名-->
<filter-class>com.Demo.Filter.imFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<!--Filter-mapping 配置Filter过滤器的拦截路径-->
<filter-mapping>
<!--Filter-name表示当前拦截那个路径给Filter过滤使用-->
<filter-name>imFilter</filter-name>
<!--urlpattern配置拦截路径
斜杠就是表示http://ip:port/工程路径/ 映射到web目录下
-->
<url-pattern>/admin/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.Demo.Filter.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/loginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
Filter过滤器代码段
public class imFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession();
Object user = session.getAttribute("user");
//如果等于null ,说明还没有登录
if (user == null) {
servletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/loGin.jsp").forward(servletRequest,servletResponse);
return;
} else {
//不等于空,让用户继续向下访问资源
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
}
}
}
三…Filter的生命周期
Filter过滤器包含几个方法
- 构造器方法
- init初始化方法
- doFilter过滤器方法
- destory销毁
public class imFilter implements Filter {
public imFilter() {
System.out.println("Filter构造器方法");
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter初始化方法");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("doFilter拦截方法");
}
@Override
public void destory() {
System.out.println("Filter的destory方法");
}
}
四.FilterConfig类
FilterConfig类就是Filter过滤器的配置文件
Tomcat每次创建Filter的时候,也会同时创建一个FilterConfig类,这里包含了Filter配置文件的配置信息
FilterConfig类的作用是获取Filter过滤器的配置内容
- 获取Filter的名称Filter-name内容
- 获取在Filter中配置的init-param初始化参数
- 获取ServletContext对象
public class imFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter-name的值是" + filterConfig.getFilterName());
//获取在web.xml中的init-param初始化参数
System.out.println("初始化参数username" + filterConfig.getInitParameter("username"));
//获取ServletContext对象
System.out.println(filterConfig.getServletContext());
}
}
五.FilterChain过滤链
FilterChain过滤链就是多个过滤器进行
FilterChain.doFilter()方法作用
- 执行下一个Filter过滤器(如果有Filter)
- 执行目录资源(没有Filter)
- 所有Filter和目标资源默认都执行在同一个线程中 、多个Filter在执行时他们的顺序是由web.xml的配置顺序决定
- 多个Filter共同执行的时候,他们都使用同一个Request对象
Filter的java代码
public class Filter1 implements Filter {
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter2前置代码");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
System.out.println("Filter2后置代码");
}
}
public class imFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter1前置代码");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
System.out.println("Filter1后置代码");
}
public void destory() {
System.out.println("Filter的destory方法");
}
}
两个Filter‘在web.xml的配置
<!--Filter标签用于配置一个Filter过滤器-->
<filter>
<!--给Filter起一个别名-->
<filter-name>imFilter</filter-name>
<!--配置Filter的全类名-->
<filter-class>com.Demo.Filter.imFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<!--Filter-mapping 配置Filter过滤器的拦截路径-->
<filter-mapping>
<!--Filter-name表示当前拦截那个路径给Filter过滤使用-->
<filter-name>imFilter</filter-name>
<!--urlpattern配置拦截路径
斜杠就是表示http://ip:port/工程路径/ 映射到web目录下
-->
<url-pattern>/loGin.jsp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>Filter1</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.Demo.Filter.Filter1</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Filter1</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/loGin.jsp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>