当涉及到文件上传时,通常会使用Apache Commons FileUpload库来处理Multipart/form-data类型的请求,它能够更方便地解析上传的文件和表单数据。以下是使用JSP和Servlet实现文件上传和下载的步骤,同时使用commons-fileupload.jar库进行解析。
文件上传的实现步骤:
- 创建一个JSP页面,用于用户上传文件。
- 在JSP页面中使用HTML表单来获取文件上传的信息。
- 创建一个Servlet,用于处理文件上传请求,解析上传的文件并保存到服务器的指定位置。
文件下载的实现步骤:
- 创建一个JSP页面,显示下载链接或表单。
- 创建一个Servlet,用于处理文件下载请求,读取服务器上的文件并将其作为响应的一部分返回给客户端。
下面是一个使用Apache Commons FileUpload库的示例:
上传文件的JSP页面(upload.jsp):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>文件上传</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>文件上传</h1>
<form action="FileUploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file" />
<input type="submit" value="上传" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
处理文件上传的Servlet(FileUploadServlet.java):
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
@WebServlet("/FileUploadServlet")
public class FileUploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
try {
// 创建FileItemFactory和ServletFileUpload对象
FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
ServletFileUpload fileUpload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
// 解析上传的请求
List<FileItem> items = fileUpload.parseRequest(request);
// 处理上传的文件
for (FileItem item : items) {
if (!item.isFormField() && item.getName() != null && !item.getName().isEmpty()) {
// 获取文件名
String fileName = new File(item.getName()).getName();
// 设置服务器存储路径
String savePath = "C:/uploads";
File fileDir = new File(savePath);
if (!fileDir.exists()) {
fileDir.mkdirs();
}
String filePath = savePath + File.separator + fileName;
// 保存文件到服务器
item.write(new File(filePath));
response.getWriter().println("文件上传成功!");
}
}
} catch (FileUploadException ex) {
response.getWriter().println("文件上传失败: " + ex.getMessage());
} catch (Exception ex) {
response.getWriter().println("文件上传失败: " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
}
文件下载的JSP页面(download.jsp):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>文件下载</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>文件下载</h1>
<form action="FileDownloadServlet" method="post">
<input type="text" name="fileName" />
<input type="submit" value="下载" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
处理文件下载的Servlet(FileDownloadServlet.java):
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet("/FileDownloadServlet")
public class FileDownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String fileName = request.getParameter("fileName");
String filePath = "C:/uploads/" + fileName; // 设置服务器文件路径
File file = new File(filePath);
if (file.exists()) {
response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
response.setContentLength((int) file.length());
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"");
try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream()) {
byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
int bytesRead;
while ((bytesRead = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}
}
} else {
response.setContentType("text/html");
response.getWriter().println("文件不存在!");
}
}
}