Java练习：输入一行字符，分别统计出其中英文字母、空格、数字和其它字符 的个数。

程序分析：利用while语句,条件为输入的字符不为’\n’.
方法一：

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("请输入一段字符串……");
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        String a = input.nextLine();
        System.out.println(a);
        char[] b = a.toCharArray();
        int letters = 0;
        int num = 0;
        int blank = 0;
        int others = 0;
        int i = 0;
        while (i < b.length) {
            if ((b[i] >= 'A') && (b[i]) <= 'Z') {
                letters++;
            } else if ((b[i] >= 'a') && (b[i]) <= 'z') {
                letters++;
            } else if ((b[i] >= '0') && (b[i]) <= '9') {
                num++;
            } else if (b[i] == ' ') {
                blank++;
            } else {
                others++;
            }
            i++;
        }
        System.out.println("英文字符共有：" + letters + "个。");
        System.out.println("数字字符共有：" + num + "个。");
        System.out.println("空格字符共有：" + blank + "个。");
        System.out.println("其它字符共有：" + others + "个。");
    }
}

方法二（使用编译器自带方法）：

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入一行字符");
        String a = input.nextLine();
        char[]b = a.toCharArray();
        int letters = 0;
        int blank = 0;
        int num = 0;
        int other = 0;
        int i = 0;
        while (i<b.length){
            if(Character.isLetter(b[i])){
                letters++;
            }else if(Character.isSpaceChar(b[i])){
                blank++;
            }else if(Character.isDigit(b[i])){
                num++;
            }else {
                other++;
            }
            i++;
        }
        System.out.println("英文字符共有：" + letters + "个。");
        System.out.println("空格字符共有：" + blank + "个。");
        System.out.println("数字字符共有：" + num + "个。");
        System.out.println("其它字符共有：" + other + "个。");
    }
}