DHCP 动态给IP地址及DNS解析技术

自动获取IP地址技术之DHCP

实验：把路由器当做1台DHCP服务器，来自动给各个手机终端分配IP地址，使3台电脑自动获取IP地址

1. 给路由器手动配IP地址：192.168.1.1（专业设备需要手动配置地址）

<Huawei>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

2. 配置网络地址分静态（手工配置）和DHCP（动态拿到IP地址），让路由器给客户端送地址
3. 要开通DHCP的相关功能（客户终端N台设备都可以拿到ip地址），由路由器充当DHCP服务器，给客户端分配IP地址

<Huawei>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]dhcp enable 
 //①开通激活DHCP功能
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
/*路由器有多个接口，就要选定目的接口实现DHCP功能*/
//给g0/0/0开通分配IP地址的功能
<Huawei>sy  //试读
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0  //进入目标接口
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select int	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select interface //选择激活指定的接口
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
//到此为止就可自动获取IP地址了

相同操作后就可获取IP地址了

DHCP自动获取IP地址步骤：
/*进入试读:*/
<Huawei>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
/*选择接口*/
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
/*指定接口配地址：*/
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
/*开通激活:*/
[Huawei]dhcp enable
/*进入接口：*/
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
/*选定该接口：*/
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select interface 
/*退出保存：*/
[Huawei]quit
<Huawei>save

测试：用PC1去pingPC2和PC3是通的

PC>ping 192.168.1.253

Ping 192.168.1.253: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.253: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=128 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.253: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=128 time=16 ms
From 192.168.1.253: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=128 time=15 ms
From 192.168.1.253: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=128 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.253: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=128 time=31 ms

--- 192.168.1.253 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 15/31/47 ms

PC>ping 192.168.1.252

Ping 192.168.1.252: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.252: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=128 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.252: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=128 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.252: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=128 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.252: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=128 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.252: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=128 time=31 ms

--- 192.168.1.252 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 31/37/47 ms

DNS解析网址技术

实验：通过ping网址来实现ping通目标IP地址？
网址也叫域名，如：www.baidu.com，域名的服务器也是IP地址
通过域名来访问IP地址，需要1台DNS服务器，来实现域名解析；把网址变成对应的IP地址
电脑ping网址ping不通到通实验步骤：开通DNS服务器功能
对server3进行配置：

1. 设置好DNS服务器参数

就可以ping www.baidu.con访问到192.168.1.253的IP地址

2. 服务器（与路由器一样都需要配IP地址才可联通：192.168.1.100）

此时，pingBAIDU未通，DNS服务器的地址是空的，PC并不知DNS服务器地址的存在

3. 在有DHCP服务的基础上开通DNS服务器的功能命令

（给路由器配置DHCP时候再加1条命令）

<Huawei>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]DHCP server dns	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]DHCP server dns-list 192.168.1.100
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server dns-list 192.168.1.100
Info:Part of the domain-name-server IP has already exist.

//就可以获取DNS服务器地址了
原理：
1、PC机访问网址
2、先把网址送给服务器192.168.1.100进行解析
3、服务器把网址转换IP：服务器里的有了百度192.168.1.253IP地址记录，就帮百度解析成IP192.168.1.253了

PC>ping www.baidu.com
host www.baidu.com unreachable

出现这种提示需要重新启动，重新获取即可

---

$出来了：$

PC>ping www.baidu.com

Ping www.baidu.com [192.168.1.253]: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.253: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=128 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.253: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=128 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.253: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=128 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.253: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=128 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.253: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=128 time=31 ms

--- 192.168.1.253 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 31/37/47 ms