6、Spring：依赖注入（DI）

6.1 概念

• 依赖注入（Dependency Injection,DI）

• 依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 . Bean对象的依赖资源 .

• 注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配

6.2 构造器注入

实体类User

package com.jl.pojo;

public class User {

    private String name;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("name=" + name);
    }
}

构造器注入

    <bean id="user" class="com.jl.pojo.User">
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="哈哈哈哈哈哈"/>
    </bean>

6.2 Set 注入 （重点）

实体类Address

package com.jl.pojo;

public class Address {
    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

实体类Student

package com.jl.pojo;

import java.util.*;

public class Student {

    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbys() {
        return hobbys;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbys=" + hobbys +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }
}

6.2.1 常量注入

beans.xml

   <bean id="student" class="com.jl.pojo.Student">
        <!-- 普通值注入  value -->
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>
    </bean>

Test测试

public class Test1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.getName());
    }

6.2.2 Bean注入

注意点：这里的值是一个引用，用ref

    <bean id="address" class="com.jl.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="天津"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.jl.pojo.Student">
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>
    </bean>

6.2.3 数组注入

 <bean id="student" class="com.jl.pojo.Student">
     <property name="books">
         <array>
             <value>西游记</value>
             <value>红楼梦</value>
             <value>水浒传</value>
         </array>
     </property>
 </bean>

6.2.4 List注入

        <!-- list注入 -->
        <property name="hobbys">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>玩</value>
                <value>吃</value>
                <value>乐</value>
            </list>
        </property>

6.2.5 Map注入

        <!-- Map注入 -->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="123456"/>
                <entry key="银行卡" value="1234567890"/>
            </map>
        </property>

6.2.6 set注入

        <!-- Set注入 -->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>LOL</value>
                <value>BOB</value>
            </set>
        </property>

6.2.7 Null注入

        <!-- null注入 -->
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>

6.2.8 Properties注入

        <!-- Properties -->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">1950410914</prop>
                <prop key="性别">男</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

测试

public class Test1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.toString());
    }
}

结果：

Student{
    name='张三',
    address=Address{address='天津'},
    books=[红楼梦, 西游记, 水浒传, 三国演义],
    hobbys=[听歌, 玩, 吃, 乐],
    card={身份证=123456, 银行卡=1234567890}, 
    games=[LOL, BOB],
    wife='null',
    info={学号=1950410914, 性别=男}
}

6.3 p命名和c命名注入

• p命名注入：对应Set注入
• c命名注入：对应构造器注入

创建一个实体类User 【注意：这里没有有参构造器！】

package com.jl.pojo;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

P命名注入：需要在头文件中加入约束文件

 	导入约束 : xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 	<!--P(属性: properties)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
 	<bean id="user" class="com.jl.pojo.User" p:name="李四" p:age="18"/>

C命名注入 (实体类需要有有参构造方法)

	导入约束 : xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
    <!--  C命名注入,通过构造器注入, construct-args -->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.jl.pojo.User" c:age="18" c:name="张三" />

注意：

p命名和c命名空间不能直接使用，需要 导入xml约束！

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"