8、SpringMVC:拦截器+文件上传下载

8.1、拦截器

1、概述

过滤器与拦截器的区别:拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用

过滤器

  • servlet规范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用

  • 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截

拦截器

  • 拦截器是SpringMVC框架自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用

  • 拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法, 如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的

2、自定义拦截器

想要自定义拦截器,必须实现 HandlerInterceptor 接口

流程

  1. 新建一个Moudule , springmvc-07-Interceptor , 添加web支持
  2. 配置web.xml 和 spring-mvc.xml 文件

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!-- 配置前端控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 配置过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--  自动扫描包,将所有注解类交给IOC容器管理  -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.jl.controller"/>

    <!-- 开启mvc的注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <!--   解决Jackson乱码   -->
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!-- 视图解析器-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 拦截器配置-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!-- 拦截下边的所有请求 -->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.jl.config.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
</beans>
  1. 编写一个拦截器MyInterceptor.java
package com.jl.config;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {


    // return true 执行下一个拦截器,放行
    // return false 不执行下一个拦截器
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("================执行前=============");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
    }
}

3、案例操作==>验证用户是否登录 (认证用户)

实现思路

  • 有一个登陆页面,需要写一个controller访问页面。

  • 登陆页面有一提交表单的动作。需要在controller中处理。判断用户名密码是否正确。如果正确,向session中写入用户信息。返回登陆成功。

  • 拦截用户请求,判断用户是否登陆。如果用户已经登陆。放行, 如果用户未登陆,跳转到登陆页面

测试:

1、编写登录页面login.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<%--在WEB-INF下的所有页面或者资源,只能通过controller,或者servlet进行访问--%>
		<h1>请先登录</h1>
<body>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
        用户名:  <input type="text" name="username">
        密码:     <input type="text" name="password">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

2、编写登陆成功的主页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>首页</h1>
    <span>${username}</span>
<p>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goOut">注销</a>
</p>
</body>
</html>

3、在登陆页面留出接口

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/toLogin">请登录</a> </h1>
  <h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/success">首页</a> </h1>
  </body>
</html>

4、编写controller层业务

package com.jl.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class LoginController {

    // 登录信息提交
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(HttpSession session, String username, String password, Model model){
        // 登录之后将用户信息存入到Session中
        session.setAttribute("userInfo",username);
        model.addAttribute("username",username);
        return "success";
    }

    // 注销用户
    @RequestMapping("/goOut")
    public String goOut(HttpSession session, String username, String password, Model model){
        // 移除session
        session.removeAttribute("userInfo");
        return "success";
    }

    // 跳转到登录成功的主页面
    @RequestMapping("/success")
    public String toMain(){
        return "success";
    }

    // 跳转到登录页面
    @RequestMapping("/toLogin")
    public String toLogin(){
        return "login";
    }
}

5、编写拦截器

package com.jl.config;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession();
        // session里边存放着信息,放行
        if (session.getAttribute("userInfo") != null){
            return true;
        }
        // 已经在登录页面,放行
        if (httpServletRequest.getRequestURI().contains("toLogin")){
            return true;
        }
        if (httpServletRequest.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
            return true;
        }

        // 如果没有登录
        httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/views/login.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest,httpServletResponse);

        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

    }
}

6、在spring-mvc.xml的配置文件中注册拦截器

        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!-- 拦截下边的所有请求 -->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.jl.config.LoginInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>

思路总结:

  1. 首先访问index.jsp页面时,如果点击请登录,会显示输入用户名和密码,点击首页,是同样的效果,这是拦截器的作用
  2. 输入用户名和密码后,再次访问index.jsp页面,再次点击首页,会直接跳转到登录成功的页面,这是因为登录之后,将信息存入到了Session里边
  3. 点击注销时,会先调用controller的方法去移除session,再次点击后会返回登录页面,此时,再次点击首页,会无法进去,必须先登录

4、案例操作(包含Ajax)

1、在views先编写登录页面login.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form">
    <input type="text" name="username" id="username" placeholder="请输入用户名">
    <input type="text" name="password" id="password" placeholder="请输入密码">
    <input type="submit" value="登录" id="btn">
</form>

<script>
    $("#btn").click(function () {
        $.ajax({
            url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login",
            data: $("#form").serialize(),
            type: "post",
            success: function (data) {
                if (data==="success"){
                    alert("成功");
                    window.location.href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/success";
                }else{
                    alert("失败");
                    window.location.href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/error";
                }
            }
        })
        //submit默认会有一个提交行为,加入点击事件后会提交两次,return false;  会在提交一次后就结束
        return false;
    })



</script>

</body>
</html>

2、编写登录成功页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <head>
        <title>个人中心</title>
    </head>
<body>
<h1>你好,${username}</h1>
</body>
</html>

3、编写登录失败页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>请您先登录</h1>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login">跳转至登录页面</a>
</body>
</html>

4、你编写controller层业务

package com.jl.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class TestController {

    @GetMapping("/login")
    public String toLogin(){
        return "login";
    }
	
	//@GetMapping 用于跳转页面
    @GetMapping("/success")
    public String toSuccess(){
        return "success";
    }

    @GetMapping("/error")
    public String toError(){
        return "error";
    }

    @PostMapping("/login")
    @ResponseBody
    public String login(HttpSession session, String username, String password){
        System.out.println(username);
        if(username.equals("张三") && password.equals("111")){
            session.setAttribute("username",username);
            return "success";
        } else {
            return "error";
        }
    }
}

5、编写拦截器

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class InterceptorController implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o) throws Exception {
        //登录页面也会放行
        if(request.getRequestURI().contains("goLogin")){
            return true;
        }

        //说明我们在提交登录
        if(request.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
            return true;
        }

        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        if (session.getAttribute("username") != null){
            return true;
        } else {

            request.setAttribute("message","请先登录");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/views/error.jsp").forward(request,response);

            return false;
        }
}

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

    }
}

6、配置拦截器

    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.jl.config.InterceptorController"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

7、测试成功

8.2、文件上传

前端表单要求:为了能上传文件,必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data

8.2.1、第一种方式

对表单中的 enctype 属性做个详细的说明:

  • application/x-www=form-urlencoded:默认方式,只处理表单域中的 value 属性值,采用这种编码方式的表单会将表单域中的值处理成 URL 编码方式。

  • multipart/form-data:这种编码方式会以二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,这种编码方式会把文件域指定文件的内容也封装到请求参数中,不会对字符编码。

  • text/plain:除了把空格转换为 “+” 号外,其他字符都不做编码处理,这种方式适用直接通过表单发送邮件。

1、导入jar包

		<dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
   	    </dependency>

2、配置bean:multipartResolver

注意:这个bena的id必须为:multipartResolver , 否则上传文件会报400的错误!

<!--文件上传配置-->
<bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
   <!-- 请求的编码格式,必须和jSP的pageEncoding属性一致,以便正确读取表单的内容,默认为ISO-8859-1 -->
   <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
   <!-- 上传文件大小上限,单位为字节(10485760=10M) -->
   <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
   <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
</bean>

3、编写前端页面(狂神的方法)

<form action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
 <input type="file" name="file"/>
 <input type="submit" value="upload">
</form>

4、Controller(狂神的方法)

@Controller
public class FileController {
    //@RequestParam("file") 将name=file控件得到的文件封装成CommonsMultipartFile 对象
    //批量上传CommonsMultipartFile则为数组即可
    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file , HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {

        //获取文件名 : file.getOriginalFilename();
        String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();

        //如果文件名为空,直接回到首页!
        if ("".equals(uploadFileName)){
            return "redirect:/index.jsp";
        }
        System.out.println("上传文件名 : "+uploadFileName);

        //上传路径保存设置
        String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        //如果路径不存在,创建一个
        File realPath = new File(path);
        if (!realPath.exists()){
            realPath.mkdir();
        }
        System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);

        InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); //文件输入流
        OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,uploadFileName)); //文件输出流

        //读取写出
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
            os.flush();
        }
        os.close();
        is.close();
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
}

5、编写前端页面(老师教的方法)

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
<%--    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/js/jquery-1.4.4.min.js"></script>--%>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        function show(source){
            //将图片的路径分割成数组
            var arrs = $(source).val().split("\\");
            //取出图片的名称,设置给name输入框
            $("#name").val(arrs[arrs.length-1]);
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="text" name="name" id="name"/><br>
    <input type="file" name="file" id="file" onchange="show(this)"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="上传"><br>
    ${msg}
</form>

</body>
</html>

6、Controller(老师教的方法)

package com.jl.controller;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.context.ServletContextAware;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import java.io.*;

@Controller
public class FileUploadController implements ServletContextAware {

    private ServletContext servletContext;

    @GetMapping("/upload")
    public String upload(){
        return "upload";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public String doUpload(String name, @RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file, Model model){
        //name:图片的名称
        //判断file是否为null
        if(!file.isEmpty()){
            //不为空才执行上传
            try {
                //获取文件的字节数组
                byte[] bytes = file.getBytes();
                //创建file,文件上传之后的位置和名称
                File f = new File(servletContext.getRealPath("/upload/") + name);
                //写入
                FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(f,bytes);
                //上传成功
                model.addAttribute("msg", name + "上传成功!");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                //上传失败
                model.addAttribute("msg", name + "上传失败!");
            }
        }
        //回到上传的页面
        return "upload";
    }

    public void setServletContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
        this.servletContext = servletContext;
    }
}

7、测试上传文件,OK!

8.2.2、第二种方式:采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件

/*
* 采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件
*/
@RequestMapping("/upload2")
public String  fileUpload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {

   //上传路径保存设置
   String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
   File realPath = new File(path);
   if (!realPath.exists()){
       realPath.mkdir();
  }
   //上传文件地址
   System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);

   //通过CommonsMultipartFile的方法直接写文件(注意这个时候)
   file.transferTo(new File(realPath +"/"+ file.getOriginalFilename()));

   return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}

1、前端表单提交地址修改

2、访问提交测试,OK!

8.3、文件下载

文件下载步骤:

  1. 设置 response 响应头
  2. 读取文件 – InputStream
  3. 写出文件 – OutputStream
  4. 执行操作
  5. 关闭流 (先开后关)

1、代码

@RequestMapping(value="/download")
public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response ,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
   //要下载的图片地址
   String  path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
   String  fileName = "基础语法.jpg";

   //1、设置response 响应头
   response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
   response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码
   response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
   //设置响应头
   response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
           "attachment;fileName="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));

   File file = new File(path,fileName);
   //2、 读取文件--输入流
   InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file);
   //3、 写出文件--输出流
   OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();

   byte[] buff =new byte[1024];
   int index=0;
   //4、执行 写出操作
   while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){
       out.write(buff, 0, index);
       out.flush();
  }
   out.close();
   input.close();
   return null;
}

2、前端

<a href="/download">点击下载</a>
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