AS蓝牙通信

学习内容

这次实验的目的是了解蓝牙通信
这次实验实现了两个设备之间通过蓝牙互发消息。

蓝牙通信

一、蓝牙通信的原理

蓝牙通信原理与socket通信原理相似

二、蓝牙在安卓程序中的功能

安卓平台提供对蓝牙通讯栈的支持，它允许设备和其他的蓝牙设备进行无线传输数据。 应用程序层通过安卓蓝牙API来调用蓝牙相关功能。这些API使程序无线连接蓝牙设备，并拥有P2P或多端无线连接的特性。

使用蓝牙API，安卓程序能:
1、扫描其他蓝牙设备
2、为可配对蓝牙设备查询蓝牙适配器。
3、建立RFCOMM通道
4、通过服务搜索来连接其他设备。
5、与其他设备进行数据传输。
6、管理多个连接。

三、蓝牙相关的类和接口

BluetoothAdapter
代表本地蓝牙适配器（蓝牙无线电）。BluetoothAdapter是所有蓝牙交互的入口。使用这个你可以发现其他蓝牙设备，查询已配对的设备列表，使用一个已知的MAC地址来实例化一个BluetoothDevice，以及创建一个BluetoothServerSocket来为监听与其他设备的通信。
BluetoothDevice
代表一个远程蓝牙设备，使用这个来请求一个与远程设备的BluetoothSocket连接，或者查询关于设备名称、地址、类和连接状态等设备信息。
BluetoothSocket
代表一个蓝牙socket的接口（和TCP Socket类似）。这是一个连接点，它允许一个应用与其他蓝牙设备通过InputStream和OutputStream交换数据。
BluetoothServerSocket
代表一个开放的服务器socket，它监听接受的请求（与TCP ServerSocket类似）。为了连接两台Android设备，一个设备必须使用这个类开启一个服务器socket。当一个远程蓝牙设备开始一个和该设备的连接请求，BluetoothServerSocket将会返回一个已连接的BluetoothSocket，接受该连接。
BluetoothClass
描述一个蓝牙设备的基本特性和性能。这是一个只读的属性集合，它定义了设备的主要和次要的设备类以及它的服务。但是，它没有描述所有的蓝牙配置和设备支持的服务，它只是暗示了设备的类型。
BluetoothProfile
一个表示蓝牙配置文件的接口。一个Bluetooth profile是一个基于蓝牙的通信无线接口定义。一个例子是Hands-Free profile。更多的讨论请见Working with Profiles。
BluetoothHeadset
提供对移动手机使用的蓝牙耳机的支持。它包含了Headset and Hands-Free (v1.5)配置文件。
BluetoothA2dp
定义高品质的音频如何通过蓝牙连接从一个设备传输到另一个设备。”A2DP“是Advanced Audio Distribution Profile的缩写。
BluetoothHealth
表示一个Health Device Profile代理，它控制蓝牙服务。
BluetoothHealthCallback
一个抽象类，你可以使用它来实现BluetoothHealth的回调函数。你必须扩展这个类并实现回调函数方法来接收应用程序的注册状态改变以及蓝牙串口状态的更新。
BluetoothHealthAppConfiguration
表示一个应用程序配置，Bluetooth Health第三方应用程序注册和一个远程Bluetooth Health设备通信。
BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener
一个接口，当BluetoothProfile IPC客户端从服务器上建立连接或断开连接时，它负责通知它们（也就是，运行在特性配置的内部服务）。

主要代码

1.manifests.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    package="com.example.myapp">

    <!-- 下面2个是普通权限，只需要在清单文件里注册，不需要在程序里动态申请 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /> <!-- ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION：允许一个程序访问精确位置(如GPS） -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.MyApp">
        <service
            android:name=".ChatService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"
            tools:ignore="Instantiatable" />

        <activity
            android:name=".DeviceList"
            android:exported="true">
        </activity>

        <activity
            android:name=".BluetoothChat"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

2.option_name.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:id="@+id/scan"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_myplaces"
        android:title="@string/connect" />
    <item android:id="@+id/discoverable"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_view"
        android:title="@string/discoverable" />
    <item android:id="@+id/back"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_close_clear_cancel"
        android:title="@string/back" />
</menu>

3.strings.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string name="app_name">My App</string>
    <string name="hello_blank_fragment">Hello blank fragment</string>
    <string name="send">发送</string>
    <string name="not_connected">你没有链接一个设备</string>
    <string name="bt_not_enabled_leaving">蓝牙不可用，离开聊天室</string>
    <string name="title_connecting">链接中...</string>
    <string name="title_connected_to">连接到：</string>
    <string name="title_not_connected">无链接</string>
    <string name="scanning">蓝牙设备搜索中...</string>
    <string name="select_device">选择一个好友链接</string>
    <string name="none_paired">没有配对好友</string>
    <string name="none_found">附近没有发现好友</string>
    <string name="title_paired_devices">已配对好友</string>
    <string name="title_other_devices">其它可连接好友</string>
    <string name="button_scan">搜索好友</string>
    <string name="connect">我的好友</string>
    <string name="discoverable">设置在线</string>
    <string name="back">退出</string>
    <string name="startVideo">开始聊天</string>
    <string name="stopVideo">结束聊天</string>
</resources>

4.其他java文件

BluetoothChat

本例演示了使用手机蓝牙实现会话功能
实验步骤：
（1）在两个手机分别安装、运行本应用。如果未打开手机蓝牙，则进入打开蓝牙设置界面；
（2）在OptionMenu（选项菜单）里，选择“我的好友”，即可直接连接，再进行会话；
（3）新建好友前，需要先使用选项菜单“设置在线”，即要求对方可见（能被扫描到）。
然后，单击“搜索好友”按钮。

public class BluetoothChat extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1;
    public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2;
    public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3;
    public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4;
    public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5;
    public static final String DEVICE_NAME = "device_name";
    public static final String TOAST = "toast";
    private static final int REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE = 1;  //请求连接设备
    private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 2;
    private TextView mTitle;
    private ListView mConversationView;
    private EditText mOutEditText;
    private Button mSendButton;
    private String mConnectedDeviceName = null;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> mConversationArrayAdapter;
    private StringBuffer mOutStringBuffer;
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null;
    //TODO
    private ChatService mChatService = null;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //确认开发环境
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 1);
            }
        }
        //TODO
        Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        //创建选项菜单
        toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.option_name);
        //选项菜单监听
        toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MyMenuItemClickListener());
        mTitle = findViewById(R.id.title_left_text);
        mTitle.setText(R.string.app_name);
        mTitle = findViewById(R.id.title_right_text);
        // 得到本地蓝牙适配器
        mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙不可用", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            finish();
            return;
        }
        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { //若当前设备蓝牙功能未开启
            Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); //
        } else {
            if (mChatService == null) {
                setupChat();  //创建会话
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (grantResults.length > 0) {
            if (grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "未授权，蓝牙搜索功能将不可用！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void onResume() {  //synchronized：同步方法实现排队调用
        super.onResume();
        if (mChatService != null) {
            if (mChatService.getState() == com.example.myapp.ChatService.STATE_NONE) {
                mChatService.start();
            }
        }
    }

    private void setupChat() {
        //初始化ListView适配器
        mConversationArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,R.layout.message);
        mConversationView = findViewById(R.id.in);
        mConversationView.setAdapter(mConversationArrayAdapter);
        mOutEditText = findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out);
        mOutEditText.setOnEditorActionListener(mWriteListener);
        mSendButton = findViewById(R.id.button_send);
        mSendButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                TextView view = findViewById(R.id.edit_text_out);
                String message = view.getText().toString();
                sendMessage(message);
            }
        });
        //创建服务对象
        mChatService = (ChatService) new com.example.myapp.ChatService(this, mHandler);
        mOutStringBuffer = new StringBuffer("");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mChatService != null)
            mChatService.stop();
    }

    private void ensureDiscoverable() { //修改本机蓝牙设备的可见性
        //打开手机蓝牙后，能被其它蓝牙设备扫描到的时间不是永久的
        if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() != BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) {
            Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
            //设置在300秒内可见（能被扫描）
            discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
            startActivity(discoverableIntent);
            Toast.makeText(this, "已经设置本机蓝牙设备的可见性，对方可搜索了。", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    private void sendMessage(String message) {
        if (mChatService.getState() != com.example.myapp.ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED) {
            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.not_connected, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;
        }
        if (message.length() > 0) {
            byte[] send = message.getBytes();
            mChatService.write(send);
            mOutStringBuffer.setLength(0);
            mOutEditText.setText(mOutStringBuffer);
        }
    }

    private TextView.OnEditorActionListener mWriteListener = new TextView.OnEditorActionListener() {
        @Override
        public boolean onEditorAction(TextView view, int actionId, KeyEvent event) {
            if (actionId == EditorInfo.IME_NULL && event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_UP) {
                //软键盘里的回车也能发送消息
                String message = view.getText().toString();
                sendMessage(message);
            }
            return true;
        }
    };
    //使用Handler对象在UI主线程与子线程之间传递消息
    @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
    private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {   //消息处理
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE:
                    switch (msg.arg1) {
                        case com.example.myapp.ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connected_to);
                            mTitle.append(mConnectedDeviceName);
                            mConversationArrayAdapter.clear();
                            break;
                        case com.example.myapp.ChatService.STATE_CONNECTING:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connecting);
                            break;
                        case com.example.myapp.ChatService.STATE_LISTEN:
                        case com.example.myapp.ChatService.STATE_NONE:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_not_connected);
                            break;
                    }
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_WRITE:
                    byte[] writeBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
                    String writeMessage = new String(writeBuf);
                    mConversationArrayAdapter.add("我:  " + writeMessage);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_READ:
                    byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
                    String readMessage = new String(readBuf, 0, msg.arg1);
                    mConversationArrayAdapter.add(mConnectedDeviceName + ":  "
                            + readMessage);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME:
                    mConnectedDeviceName = msg.getData().getString(DEVICE_NAME);
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "链接到 " + mConnectedDeviceName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_TOAST:
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
                            msg.getData().getString(TOAST), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }
        }
    };

    //返回进入好友列表操作后的数回调方法
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        //TODO
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch (requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE:
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    String address = data.getExtras().getString(DeviceList.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS);
                    BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
                    mChatService.connect(device);
                } else if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "未选择任何好友！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT:
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    setupChat();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, R.string.bt_not_enabled_leaving, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    finish();
                }
        }
    }

    //内部类，选项菜单的单击事件处理
    private class MyMenuItemClickListener implements Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener {
        @Override
        public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
            switch (item.getItemId()) {
                case R.id.scan:
                    System.out.println("--*****------******-------******--");
                    //启动DeviceList这个Activity
                    Intent serverIntent = new Intent(BluetoothChat.this, DeviceList.class);
                    startActivityForResult(serverIntent, REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE);
                    return true;
                case R.id.discoverable:
                    ensureDiscoverable();
                    return true;
                case R.id.back:
                    finish();
                    System.exit(0);
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}

ChatService

本程序ChatService是蓝牙会话的服务程序
定义了3个内部类：AcceptThread（接受新连接）、ConnectThread（发出连接）和ConnectedThread （已连接）

public class ChatService {
    //本应用的主Activity组件名称
    private static final String NAME = "BluetoothChat";
    // UUID：通用唯一识别码,是一个128位长的数字，一般用十六进制表示
    //算法的核心思想是结合机器的网卡、当地时间、一个随机数来生成
    //在创建蓝牙连接
    private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66");
    private final BluetoothAdapter mAdapter;
    private final Handler mHandler;
    private AcceptThread mAcceptThread;
    private ConnectThread mConnectThread;
    private ConnectedThread mConnectedThread;
    private int mState;
    public static final int STATE_NONE = 0;
    public static final int STATE_LISTEN = 1;
    public static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 2;
    public static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 3;

    //构造方法，接收UI主线程传递的对象
    public ChatService(Context context, Handler handler) {
        //构造方法完成蓝牙对象的创建
        mAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        mState = STATE_NONE;
        mHandler = handler;
    }

    private synchronized void setState(int state) {
        mState = state;
        mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE, state, -1).sendToTarget();
    }

    public synchronized int getState() {
        return mState;
    }

    public synchronized void start() {
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread == null) {
            mAcceptThread = new AcceptThread();
            mAcceptThread.start();
        }
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
    }

    //取消 CONNECTING 和 CONNECTED 状态下的相关线程，然后运行新的 mConnectThread 线程
    public synchronized void connect(BluetoothDevice device) {
        if (mState == STATE_CONNECTING) {
            if (mConnectThread != null) {
                mConnectThread.cancel();
                mConnectThread = null;
            }
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        mConnectThread = new ConnectThread(device);
        mConnectThread.start();
        setState(STATE_CONNECTING);
    }

    /*
        开启一个 ConnectedThread 来管理对应的当前连接。之前先取消任意现存的 mConnectThread 、
        mConnectedThread 、 mAcceptThread 线程，然后开启新 mConnectedThread ，传入当前刚刚接受的
        socket 连接。最后通过 Handler来通知UI连接
     */
    public synchronized void connected(BluetoothSocket socket, BluetoothDevice device) {
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread != null) {
            mAcceptThread.cancel();
            mAcceptThread = null;
        }
        mConnectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket);
        mConnectedThread.start();
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.DEVICE_NAME, device.getName());
        msg.setData(bundle);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
        setState(STATE_CONNECTED);
    }

    // 停止所有相关线程，设当前状态为 NONE
    public synchronized void stop() {
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread != null) {
            mAcceptThread.cancel();
            mAcceptThread = null;
        }
        setState(STATE_NONE);
    }

    // 在 STATE_CONNECTED 状态下，调用 mConnectedThread 里的 write 方法，写入 byte
    public void write(byte[] out) {
        ConnectedThread r;
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mState != STATE_CONNECTED)
                return;
            r = mConnectedThread;
        }
        r.write(out);
    }

    // 连接失败的时候处理，通知 ui ，并设为 STATE_LISTEN 状态
    private void connectionFailed() {
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_TOAST);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.TOAST, "链接不到设备");
        msg.setData(bundle);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    // 当连接失去的时候，设为 STATE_LISTEN 状态并通知 ui
    private void connectionLost() {
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_TOAST);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.TOAST, "设备链接中断");
        msg.setData(bundle);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    // 创建监听线程，准备接受新连接。使用阻塞方式，调用 BluetoothServerSocket.accept()
    private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;

        public AcceptThread() {
            BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
            try {
                //使用射频端口（RF comm）监听
                tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
            mmServerSocket = tmp;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            setName("AcceptThread");
            BluetoothSocket socket = null;
            while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {
                try {
                    socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    break;
                }
                if (socket != null) {
                    synchronized (ChatService.this) {
                        switch (mState) {
                            case STATE_LISTEN:
                            case STATE_CONNECTING:
                                connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice());
                                break;
                            case STATE_NONE:
                            case STATE_CONNECTED:
                                try {
                                    socket.close();
                                } catch (IOException e) {
                                    e.printStackTrace();
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmServerSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /*
        连接线程，专门用来对外发出连接对方蓝牙的请求和处理流程。
        构造函数里通过 BluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord() ，
        从待连接的 device 产生 BluetoothSocket. 然后在 run 方法中 connect ，
        成功后调用 BluetoothChatSevice 的 connected() 方法。定义 cancel() 在关闭线程时能够关闭相关socket 。
     */
    private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
        private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;

        public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
            mmDevice = device;
            BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
            try {
                tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmSocket = tmp;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            setName("ConnectThread");
            mAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            try {
                mmSocket.connect();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                connectionFailed();
                try {
                    mmSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e2) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                ChatService.this.start();
                return;
            }
            synchronized (ChatService.this) {
                mConnectThread = null;
            }
            connected(mmSocket, mmDevice);
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /*
        双方蓝牙连接后一直运行的线程；构造函数中设置输入输出流。
        run()方法中使用阻塞模式的 InputStream.read()循环读取输入流，然后发送到 UI 线程中更新聊天消息。
        本线程也提供了 write() 将聊天消息写入输出流传输至对方，传输成功后回写入 UI 线程。最后使用cancel()关闭连接的 socket
     */
    private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
        private final InputStream mmInStream;
        private final OutputStream mmOutStream;

        public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
            mmSocket = socket;
            InputStream tmpIn = null;
            OutputStream tmpOut = null;
            try {
                tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
                tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmInStream = tmpIn;
            mmOutStream = tmpOut;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytes;
            while (true) {
                try {
                    bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
                    mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    connectionLost();
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        public void write(byte[] buffer) {
            try {
                mmOutStream.write(buffer);
                mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

DeviceList

    本程序供菜单项主界面的选项菜单“我的好友”调用，用于：
    （1）显示已配对的好友列表；
    （2）搜索可配对的好友进行配对
    （3）新选择并配对的蓝牙设备将刷新好友列表
    注意：发现新的蓝牙设备并请求配对时，需要对应接受
    关键技术：动态注册一个广播接收者，处理蓝牙设备扫描的结果

public class DeviceList extends AppCompatActivity {

    private BluetoothAdapter mBtAdapter;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> mNewDevicesArrayAdapter;
    public static String EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS = "device_address";  //Mac地址
    //定义广播接收者，用于处理扫描蓝牙设备后的结果
    private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
                    mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
                }
            } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
                if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) {
                    String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_found).toString();
                    mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices);
                }
            }
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.device_list);
        //在被调用活动里，设置返回结果码
        setResult(Activity.RESULT_CANCELED);
        init();  //活动界面
    }


    private void init() {
        Button scanButton = findViewById(R.id.button_scan);
        scanButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, R.string.scanning, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                doDiscovery();  //搜索蓝牙设备
            }
        });
        mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.device_name);
        mNewDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.device_name);
        //已配对蓝牙设备列表
        ListView pairedListView = findViewById(R.id.paired_devices);
        pairedListView.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter);
        pairedListView.setOnItemClickListener(mPaireDeviceClickListener);
        //未配对蓝牙设备列表
        ListView newDevicesListView = findViewById(R.id.new_devices);
        newDevicesListView.setAdapter(mNewDevicesArrayAdapter);
        newDevicesListView.setOnItemClickListener(mNewDeviceClickListener);
        //动态注册广播接收者
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
        filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
        mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBtAdapter.getBondedDevices();
        if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
            findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
                mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
            }
        } else {
            String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_paired).toString();
            mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mBtAdapter != null) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
        this.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
    }

    private void doDiscovery() {
        findViewById(R.id.title_new_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        if (mBtAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
        mBtAdapter.startDiscovery();  //开始搜索蓝牙设备并产生广播
        //startDiscovery是一个异步方法
        //找到一个设备时就发送一个BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND的广播
    }

    private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mPaireDeviceClickListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            String info = ((TextView) v).getText().toString();
            String address = info.substring(info.length() - 17);
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS, address);  //Mac地址
            setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
            finish();
        }
    };
    private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mNewDeviceClickListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, "请在蓝牙设置界面手动连接设备", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS);
            startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
        }
    };

    //回调方法：进入蓝牙配对设置界面返回后执行
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        init();  //刷新好友列表
    }
}

5.其他xml文件

activity_main

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/chn"
    >

    <!--新版Android支持的Toolbar，对标题栏布局-->
    <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@color/purple_200"
       >
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:orientation="horizontal">
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_left_text"
                style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:gravity="left"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:singleLine="true" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_right_text"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:gravity="right"
                android:singleLine="true"
                android:textColor="#fff" />
        </LinearLayout>
    </androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar>

    <ListView android:id="@+id/in"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:stackFromBottom="true"
        android:transcriptMode="alwaysScroll"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      >

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/edit_text_out"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="35dp"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@color/white" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_send"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom"
            android:text="@string/send"
            android:textColor="@color/black" />
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

message

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="40dp"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:gravity="center_vertical"
    android:text="message"
    android:textSize="18sp">

</TextView>

device_list

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView android:id="@+id/title_paired_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/title_paired_devices"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:background="#666"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        android:paddingLeft="5dp" />
    <ListView android:id="@+id/paired_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/title_new_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/title_other_devices"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:background="#666"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        android:paddingLeft="5dp" />
    <!--android:visibility="gone"表示不占空间的隐藏，invisible是占空间-->
    <ListView android:id="@+id/new_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="2" />
    <Button android:id="@+id/button_scan"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/button_scan" />
</LinearLayout>

device_name

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:padding="3dp"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:id="@+id/text1"
    android:gravity="center_vertical"
    android:text="device name"
    android:textSize="18sp">

</TextView>

效果展示

实验主要根据老师的ppt改写，这里为了显示的美观修改了主题（themes.xml）的颜色，也可以不做修改。
蓝牙通信需要连接两台设备。
连接蓝牙
点击右上方的三个点选择第二项设置在线

搜索好友并选择

点击右上方第一个选项 我的好友 可以看到已经配对的好友，点击搜索好友可以看到更多的好友

发送消息
手机1
可以看到已经连接上了

手机2
另一台手机界面效果

仓库代码

https://gitee.com/dont-stay-up-late-today/bluetooth.git