c++函数模板和类模板

函数模板

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Person {
public:
    string name;
    int age;
//    bool compare();
    Person(string name,int age){
        this->name = name;
        this->age=age;

    }

};

/**
 * 函数模板
 * @tparam T
 * @param a 
 * @param b
 * @return
 */
template<class T>
bool compare(T &a, T &b) {
    if (a == b) {
        cout << "a和b相等" << endl;
    }
}

// 这里必须这么写，否则怎样编译均不通过！
template<> bool compare(Person &p1,Person &p2){
    if (p1.age==p2.age&&p1.name==p2.name){
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

void test1(){
    Person person1("lwt",20);
    Person person2("lwt",20);
    // 这里的compare是调用了template<> bool compare(Person &p1,Person &p2){
    bool isEqual = compare(person1,person2);
    if (isEqual){
        cout<<"="<<endl;
        return;
    }
    cout<<"!="<<endl;
}
int main() {
    test1();
    return 0;
}

类模板

//
// Created by 李威彤 on 2021/11/25.
//
#include <iostream>
#include "person.h"

using namespace std;


template<class T1, class T2>
class Person {
public:
    T1 name;
    T2 age;

    Person(T1 name, T2 age);

    void print();

};

template<class T1, class T2>
Person<T1, T2>::Person(T1 name, T2 age) {
    this->name = name;
    this->age = age;
    cout << "Person<T1,T2>::Person(T1 name,T2 age)..." << endl;
}

template<class T1, class T2>
void Person<T1, T2>::print() {
    cout << this->name << "-" << this->age << endl;
};

main()

#include <iostream>

#include "person.hpp" // 法一：这里包含的不能是头文件

//法二：将.h和.cpp文件写到一起于.hpp

using namespace std;


void test1() {
    Person<string, int> p("lwt", 22);
    p.print();

}

int main() {
    test1();
    return 0;
}