服务器群集——构建虚拟web主机

一、虚拟主机概述

1.1 虚拟Web主机

在同一台服务器中运行多个Web站点，其中每一个站点并不独立占用一台真正的计算机

1.2 httpd支持的虚拟主机类型

• 基于域名的虚拟主机
  为每个虚拟主机使用不同的域名，但是其对应的IP地址是相同的。
• 基于IP地址的虚拟主机
  为每个虚拟主机使用不同的域名，且各自对应的ip地址也不相同。这种方式需要为服务器配置多个网络接口（网卡），因此应用并不是很广泛。
• 基于端口的虚拟主机
  这种方法并不使用域名、IP地址来区分不同的站点内容，而是使用不同的TCP端口号，因此用户在浏览不同的虚拟站点时要同时指定端口号才能访问。

二、搭建虚拟主机

1、基于域名的虚拟主机

实验环境：两个虚拟主机域名为:www.kgc.com,www.benet.com;使用一台httpd服务器搭建；ip地址为192.168.200.110
实验步骤：

[root@promote ~]# iptables -F       //关闭防火墙
[root@promote ~]# setenforce 0
[root@promote ~]#  yum -y install bind httpd    //安装named和Apache服务
[root@promote ~]# vim /etc/named.conf      //修改named服务主配置
options {
        listen-on port 53 { any; };
        allow-query     { any; };
[root@promote ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones    //named区域配置文件
zone "kgc.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "kgc.com.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};
zone "benet.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "benet.com.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};
[root@promote ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@promote named]# cp -p named.localhost kgc.com.zone
[root@promote named]# vim kgc.com.zone        //kgc.com区域配置文件
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  @ rname.invalid. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        NS      @
        A       127.0.0.1
www IN  A       192.168.200.110
[root@promote named]# cp -p kgc.com.zone benet.com.zone    //benet.com区域配置文件  由于IP地址一样所以不做修改
[root@promote named]# systemctl start named   //启动named服务

修改虚拟机win10 DNS地址为192.168.200.140

[root@localhost httpd]# cd conf
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir extra
[root@localhost conf]# cd extra/
[root@localhost extra]# vim vhost.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/kgc"
    ServerName www.kgc.com
    ErrorLog "logs/www.kgc.com.error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.kgc.com.access_log" common
    <Directory "/var/www/html">
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/benet"
    ServerName www.benet.com
    ErrorLog "logs/www.benet.com.error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.benet.com.access_log" common
    <Directory "/var/www/html">
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost extra]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# mkdir kgc benet
[root@localhost html]# cd kgc/
[root@localhost kgc]# vim index.html
<h1>this is kgc web</h1>
[root@localhost kgc]# cd ..
[root@localhost html]# cd benet/
[root@localhost benet]# vim index.html
<h1>this is benet web</h1>
[root@localhost benet]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf   //加载独立的配置文件
Include conf/extra/vhost.conf
[root@localhost extra]# systemctl restart httpd
win10访问
www.kgc.com
www.benet.com

2、基于端口的虚拟主机

[root@localhost extra]# vim vhost.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/benet"
    ServerName www.benet.com
    ErrorLog "logs/www.benet.com.error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.benet.com.access_log" common
    <Directory "/var/www/html">
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
 
<VirtualHost *:8080>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/benet02"
    ServerName www.benet.com
    ErrorLog "logs/www.benet02.com.error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.benet02.com.access_log" common
    <Directory "/var/www/html">
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
[root@localhost extra]# mkdir /var/www/html/benet02
[root@localhost extra]# vim /var/www/html/benet02/index.html
<h1>this is benet02 web</h1>
[root@localhost extra]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
Listen 192.168.200.140:80
Listen 192.168.200.140:8080
#Listen 80
[root@localhost extra]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost extra]# netstat -antp | grep httpd
tcp        0      0 192.168.200.140:8080    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      69462/httpd         
tcp        0      0 192.168.200.140:80      0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      69462/httpd 
win10浏览网页   www.benet.com:8080/     www.benet.com

3、基于IP的虚拟主机

[root@localhost extra]# vim vhost.conf 
:set nu
:11,29 s/^/#/g     //注释掉前面的操作
<VirtualHost 192.168.200.140:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/kgc"
    ServerName www.kgc.com
    ErrorLog "logs/www.kgc.com.error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.kgc.com.access_log" common
    <Directory "/var/www/html">
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.200.180:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/kgc02"
    ServerName www.kgc.com
    ErrorLog "logs/www.kgc02.com.error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.kgc02.com.access_log" common
    <Directory "/var/www/html">
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
添加双网卡
[root@localhost extra]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens36
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens36
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens36
DEVICE=ens36
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.200.180
GATEWAY=192.168.200.2
DNS1=8.8.8.8
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost network-scripts]# mkdir /var/www/html/kgc02
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /var/www/html/kgc02/index.html
<h1>this is kgc02 web</h1>
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
Listen 192.168.200.140:80
Listen 192.168.200.180:80
#Listen 80
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart httpd
浏览器访问
192.168.200.180                   
192.168.200.140