【EasyPan】获取图片验证码

【EasyPan】项目常见问题解答（自用&持续更新中…）汇总版

一、HTTP请求处理流程

1. 控制器入口 /checkCode

@RequestMapping("/checkCode")
public void checkCode(HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session, Integer type) throws IOException {
    // 实例化验证码生成器（130x38像素，5字符，10干扰线）
    CreateImageCode vCode = new CreateImageCode(130, 38, 5, 10);
    
    // 设置HTTP响应头禁止缓存
    response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
    response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
    response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
    response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
    
    // 获取生成的验证码
    String code = vCode.getCode();
    
    // 根据type参数决定存储到不同session域
    if (type == null || type == 0) {
        session.setAttribute(Constants.CHECK_CODE_KEY, code);
    } else {
        session.setAttribute(Constants.CHECK_CODE_KEY_EMAIL, code);
    }
    
    // 输出图片流到客户端
    vCode.write(response.getOutputStream());
}

二、验证码生成核心流程

1. CreateImageCode 构造函数

public CreateImageCode(int width, int height, int codeCount, int lineCount) {
    this.width = width;        // 设置图片宽度
    this.height = height;      // 设置图片高度
    this.codeCount = codeCount;// 设置验证码字符数
    this.lineCount = lineCount;// 设置干扰线数量
    createImage();             // 立即生成图片
}

2. 图片生成方法 createImage()

详细步骤：

1. 初始化画布

   buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
   Graphics g = buffImg.getGraphics();
   

2. 绘制背景

   g.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250)); // 浅色背景
   g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
   

3. 绘制干扰线

   for (int i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
       // 随机生成线段起止坐标
       g.setColor(getRandColor(1, 255));
       g.drawLine(xs, ys, xe, ye);
   }
   

4. 添加噪点

   for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
       buffImg.setRGB(x, y, random.nextInt(255));
   }
   

5. 生成并绘制验证码

   String str1 = randomStr(codeCount);
   this.code = str1;
   for (int i = 0; i < codeCount; i++) {
       g.drawString(strRand, i * fontWidth + 3, codeY);
   }
   

三、辅助方法实现

1. 随机字符串生成

private String randomStr(int n) {
    String str1 = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxzy1234567890";
    String str2 = "";
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        double r = (Math.random()) * (str1.length() - 1);
        str2 += str1.charAt((int) r);
    }
    return str2;
}

2. 随机颜色生成

private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
    int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
    int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
    int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
    return new Color(r, g, b);
}

四、输出与获取方法

1. 图片输出

public void write(OutputStream sos) throws IOException {
    ImageIO.write(buffImg, "png", sos); // 注意实际输出PNG格式
    sos.close();
}

2. 验证码获取

public String getCode() {
    return code.toLowerCase(); // 统一返回小写
}

五、关键参数说明

参数名	默认值	作用描述
width	160	验证码图片宽度（像素）
height	40	验证码图片高度（像素）
codeCount	4	验证码字符数量
lineCount	20	干扰线数量
yawpRate	0.01f	噪点密度（占图片面积比例）

六、注意事项

1. 格式不一致：响应头声明image/jpeg但实际输出PNG格式
2. 资源释放：OutputStream应在finally块中关闭
3. 线程安全：多个请求共享Random实例可能存在竞争
4. 字符池优化：建议移除易混淆字符（如0/O,1/l等）

---

/**
 * 获取验证码
 */
@RequestMapping("/checkCode")
public void checkCode(HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session, Integer type) throws IOException {
    CreateImageCode vCode = new CreateImageCode(130, 38, 5, 10);
    response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
    response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
    response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
    response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
    String code = vCode.getCode();
    if (type == null || type == 0) {
        session.setAttribute(Constants.CHECK_CODE_KEY, code);
    } else {
        session.setAttribute(Constants.CHECK_CODE_KEY_EMAIL, code);
    }
    vCode.write(response.getOutputStream());
}

public class CreateImageCode {
    //图片的宽度
    private int width = 160;
    //图片的高度
    private int height = 40;
    //验证码字符个数
    private int codeCount = 4;
    //验证码干扰线数
    private int lineCount = 20;
    //验证码
    private String code = null;
    //验证码图片Buffer
    private BufferedImage buffImg = null;
    Random random = new Random();

    public CreateImageCode(){
        createImage();
    }

    public CreateImageCode(int width, int height){
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
        createImage();
    }

    public CreateImageCode(int width, int height, int codeCount, int lineCount){
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
        this.codeCount = codeCount;
        this.lineCount = lineCount;
        createImage();
    }

    //生成图片
    private void createImage(){
        int fontWidth = width / codeCount; //字体的宽度
        int fontHeight = height - 5; //字体的高度
        int codeY = height - 8;

        //图像buffer
        buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
        Graphics g = buffImg.getGraphics();
        //Graphics2D g = buffImg.createGraphics();
        //设置背景色
        g.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
        g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
        //设置字体
        //Font font1 = getFont(fontHeight);
        Font font = new Font("Fixedsys", Font.BOLD, fontHeight);
        g.setFont(font);

        //设置干扰线
        for (int i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
            int xs = random.nextInt(width);
            int ys = random.nextInt(height);
            int xe = xs + random.nextInt(width);
            int ye = ys + random.nextInt(height);
            g.setColor(getRandColor(1, 255));
            g.drawLine(xs, ys, xe, ye);
        }

        //添加噪点
        float yawpRate = 0.01f; //噪声率
        int area = (int) (yawpRate * width * height);
        for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(width);
            int y = random.nextInt(height);
            buffImg.setRGB(x, y, random.nextInt(255));
        }

        String str1 = randomStr(codeCount); //得到随机字符
        this.code = str1;
        for (int i = 0; i < codeCount; i++) {
            String strRand = str1.substring(i, i + 1);
            g.setColor(getRandColor(1, 255));
            //g.drawString(a, x, y);
            //a为要画出来的东西，x和y表示要画的东西最左侧字符的基线位于此图形上下文坐标系的 (x，y)位置处
            g.drawString(strRand, i * fontWidth + 3, codeY);
        }
    }

    //得到随机字符
    private String randomStr(int n) {
        String str1 = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxzy1234567890";
        String str2 = "";
        int len = str1.length() - 1;
        double r;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            r = (Math.random()) * len;
            str2 = str2 + str1.charAt((int) r);
        }
        return str2;
    }

    //得到随机颜色
    private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) { //给定范围获得随机颜色
        if (fc > 255) fc = 255;
        if (bc > 255) bc = 255;
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

    //产生随机字体
    private Font getFont(int size){
        Random random = new Random();
        Font font[] = new Font[5];
        font[0] = new Font("Ravie", Font.PLAIN, size);
        font[1] = new Font("Antique Olive Compact", Font.PLAIN, size);
        font[2] = new Font("Fixedsys", Font.PLAIN, size);
        font[3] = new Font("Wide Latin", Font.PLAIN, size);
        font[4] = new Font("Gill Sans Ultra Bold", Font.PLAIN, size);
        return font[random.nextInt(5)];
    }

    public void write(OutputStream sos) throws IOException {
        ImageIO.write(buffImg, "png", sos);
        sos.close();
    }

    public BufferedImage getBuffImg(){
        return buffImg;
    }

    public String getCode(){
        return code.toLowerCase();
    }
}