参考书目 《python网络爬虫从入门到实践》唐松
2.3 面向对象编程
简单举例
class People: #创建类
#__init__()方法为类的构造方法,左右各有两个下划线
def __init__(self, name, age,gender):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.gender = gender
def detail(self):#通过self调用被封装的内容
print(self.name)
print(self.age)
print(self.gender)
result = People("vans", 22, "F")
result.detail()#将result传给self参数
#即:result.detail(result),此时self=result
#输出
#vans
#22
#F
用函数式编程
def detail(name, age, gender):
print(name)
print(age)
print(gender)
detail("vans", 22, "F")
(1)封装
第一步:封装内容示例
class People: #创建类
def __init__(self, name, age,gender):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.gender = gender
result = People("vans", 22, "F")
#将“vans”、22、“F”分别封装到result及self的name、age、gender属性
self只是一个形式参数,当执行result = People(“vans”, 22, “F”)是时,self=result
第二步:调用被封装的内容
有两种方式:通过对象直接调用和通过self间接调用
通过对象直接调用result对象示例:
class People: #创建类
def __init__(self, name, age,gender):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.gender = gender
result = People("vans", 22, "F")
print(result.name)
print(result.age)
print(result.gender)
通过self间接调用示例:
class People: #创建类
def __init__(self, name, age,gender):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.gender = gender
def detail(self):#通过self调用被封装的内容
print(self.name)
print(self.age)
print(self.gender)
result = People("vans", 22, "F")
result.detail()
(2)继承
类似于子继承父的某些特性,如:
猫:喵喵叫、吃、喝、拉、撒
狗:汪汪叫、吃、喝、拉、撒
class Animal:
def eat(self):
print("%s 吃" %self.name)
def drink(self):
print("%s 喝" %self.name)
def shit(self):
print("%s 拉" %self.name)
def pee(self):
print("%s 撒" %self.name)
class Cat(Animal):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def cry(self):
print("喵喵叫")
class Dog(Animal):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def cry(self):
print("汪汪叫")
c1 = Cat("小白家的猫")
c1.eat()
c1.cry()
d1 = Dog("小黑家的狗")
d1.eat()
d1.cry()
(3)错误处理
try/except使用try来检测语句的错误,如果有错误,except会执行捕获异常信息并处理
try:
result = 5/0 #除以0会产生运算错误
except Exception as e: #出现错误会执行except
print(e) #把错误打印出来
如果不想打印错误,可以用pass空语句
try:
result = 5/0
except:
pass #空语句,不做任何事情